Watergate As A Constitutional Crisis Essay Research free essay sample

Watergate As A Constitutional Crisis Essay, Research Paper During the dark of June 17, 1972, five burglars broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate office composite in Washington, DC. Investigation into the housebreaking exposed a trail of maltreatments that led to the highest degrees of the Nixon disposal and finally to the President himself. President Nixon resigned from office under menace of impeachment on August 9, 1974. The housebreaking and the surrender form the boundaries of the events we know as the Watergate matter. For 2 old ages public disclosures of wrongdoing inside the White House convulsed the state in a series of confrontations that pitted the President against the media, executive bureaus, the Congress, and the Supreme Court. The Watergate matter was a national injury # 8211 ; a constitutional crisis that tested and affirmed the regulation of jurisprudence. With the oncoming of the 1972 presidential election run, Nixon # 8217 ; s focal point shifted to his Democratic Party oppositions. We will write a custom essay sample on Watergate As A Constitutional Crisis Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He ordered surveillance of Senator Edward Kennedy, an IRS audit of Democratic Party Chairman Larry O # 8217 ; Brien and others on his list of political enemies, every bit good as # 8220 ; dirty fast ones # 8221 ; operations against virtually every Democratic presidential aspirant. Two members of the White House # 8220 ; pipe fitters, # 8221 ; former CIA agents E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy, transferred to the staff of the Committee to Re-elect the President, where they devised and carried out a program to put in a listening device in O # 8217 ; Brien # 8217 ; s office. When the bug failed to run decently, Hunt ordered the CRP # 8217 ; s security head, another ex-CIA agent named James McCord, to reenter the Watergate composite and put in a new device. McCord and four confederates, all Cuban expatriates and veterans of the Bay of Pigs invasion, were arrested after a security guard called the Washington constabulary. Hunt # 8217 ; s name and White House phone figure were found on one of the work forces, and Hunt and Liddy were shortly arrested and charged every bit good. The cover-up began every bit shortly as the White House learned of the apprehensions. Nixon was concerned that Hunt and Liddy would expose the White House # 8220 ; pipe fitters # 8221 ; and that the ensuing dirt might endanger his reelection run. Nixon # 8217 ; s two top Plutos, Bob Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, swung into action to restrict the harm and do certain that the Watergate burglars said nil about the higher-level functionaries who had ordered the housebreaking or their ain engagement in other Acts of the Apostless of political espionage and aggravation. There were two paths in the cover-up: direct White House intervention with the investigation bureaus, and hard currency final payments to the Watergate burglars to see their silence. At Nixon # 8217 ; s orders, Haldeman and Ehrlichman met with CIA functionaries and urged them to state the FBI that its probe of the housebreaking had to be curtailed because it was encroaching on ongoing CIA operations. The June 23, 1972 meeting in which Nixon foremost discussed utilizing the CIA to barricade the FBI investigation became known as the # 8220 ; smoking gun # 8221 ; conversation, and release of the tape-recording of this meeting led straight to Nixon # 8217 ; s surrender on August 8, 1974. White House Counsel John Dean handled dealingss with the Watergate burglars. He sat in on all the constabulary questions and supervised their defence scheme to see that their tests would be postponed until after the election. At a cardinal meeting on September 15, 1972, he reviewed his part of the cover-up with Nixon, including both obstructor of the constabulary probe and attempts to derail several congressional investigations. Supported by hard currency payments from the White House which covered both their legal costs and life disbursals, five of the Watergate burglars pled guilty while declining to attest about any other cases of political espionage or any higher-level engagement in the housebreaking. The two others, McCord and Liddy, were convicted after a brief test. The attempt to restrict the range of the instance collapsed, nevertheless, when Judge John Sirica imposed drawn-out sentences on all seven work forces in order to coerce them to get down collaborating with prosecuting officers. McCord rapidly broke his silence, followed finally by all except Liddy. The dirt thenceforth developed with an grim impulse. Duty for the housebreaking at the DNC was traced upward to the frailty -chairman of the Committee to Reelect the President, Jeb Magruder, and so to the committee’s caput, John Mitchell, the former lawyer general, and to John Dean. After his celebrated meeting with Nixon on March 21, 1973, when he warned that the Watergate matter had become â€Å"a malignant neoplastic disease on the presidential term, † Dean broke with the White House and sought a trade with prosecuting officers in return for his testimony against Haldeman, Ehrlichman and finally Nixon himself. Haldeman, Ehrlichman and Attorney General Richard Kleindeinst were forced to vacate, public hearings began before a particular Senate commission chaired by Democrat Sam Ervin of North Carolina, and the Nixon disposal was compelled to name Harvard jurisprudence professor Archibald Cox as Watergate particular prosecuting officer. The telecasting webs provided extended unrecorded coverage of the Senate hearings, conveying to a mass audience the lay waste toing public testimony of Dean, Magruder and an array of lesser figures. Then came the disclosure, on July 15, 1973, that the White House had a tape system that recorded all Oval Office meetings and telephone calls affecting the president. Thereafter the Watergate matter revolved around the battle over whether the White House would let go of the tapes to Congress and the particular prosecuting officer. In October 1973 Nixon fired Cox, every bit good as Attorney General Elliot Richardson and his deputy William Ruckleshaus, after Cox refused to drop legal action to oblige the White House to let go of the tapes ( the # 8220 ; Saturday Night Massacre # 8221 ; ) . The public repugnance against this averment of unrestrained and unexplainable executive authorization led to the beginning of impeachment hearings by the House Judiciary Committee. Nixon had to name a new particular prosecuting officer, Leon Jaworski, who resumed the legal action to coerce release of the tapes. Nixon # 8217 ; s place was further undermined that same month, when Vice President Spiro Agnew was forced to vacate on charges of official corruptness during his yearss as Baltimore County executive and governor of Maryland. The installing of Gerald Ford, the House Republican leader, as frailty president provided a more plausible and politically safe replacing for Nixon, and cleared the decks for the concluding push to take the president from office. In July 1974 the Supreme Court rejected Nixon # 8217 ; s claim of # 8220 ; executive privilege, # 8221 ; in which he asserted that the constitutionally canonic separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial subdivisions entitled him to keep back the White House tapes from the tribunals, Congress and the particular prosecuting officer. The cardinal tapes were turned over. The transcripts of a six meetings demonstrated Nixon # 8217 ; s cardinal function in the cover-up from the beginning, and his last political support evaporated. At the same clip the House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment, bear downing Nixon with obstructor of justness, failure to continue the jurisprudence and declining to turn over subpoenaed paperss. Nixon resigned from office August 8, 1974, the first president to make so. The full transcript of the White House Watergate tapes, published tardily last twelvemonth ( Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes, edited by Stanley Kutler, The Free Press ) , paperss that Nixon was sing surrender from April 1973 on, but this measure was neer a foregone decision. Harmonizing to one imperativeness study, Defense Secretary James Schlesinger, former caput of the CIA, kept a close ticker on the military brass during Nixon # 8217 ; s concluding yearss to forestall any effort to # 8220 ; barricade the constitutional process. # 8221 ; In other words, he was concerned that Nixon or his angels in the Pentagon might try a military putsch. Nixon # 8217 ; s remotion from office put an terminal to the Watergate probe and his forgiveness by Ford a month subsequently insured that there would no farther dissemination of the dangers to democratic rights implicit in the activities of the White House # 8220 ; plumbers. # 8221 ; Even today there are powerful forces opposed to a full dissemination of the offenses of that period. Kutler had to pay a drawn-out tribunal conflict to obtain release of the part of Nixon White House tapes mentioning to Watergate, and these were carefully vetted by the National Archives. Twenty-five old ages after the events to which they refer, there are still more than a twelve deletions from the tapes for grounds of # 8220 ; national security. # 8221 ;

Americanization of Sports in the Late Essays

Americanization of Sports in the Late Essays Americanization of Sports in the Late Paper Americanization of Sports in the Late Paper American sports are American because they are a reflection of societal values and cultural norms during the rise of an industrialization America. These recreational activities became popular economic enterprises with specializing labor roles, set rules comparable to the standard workplace protocol in other industries at the time, and were intentionally civilized in such a way that they became more profitable for those in charge. This civilizing also meant a specialization of labor as many athletes became more professional with Irreplaceable skills. American sports In the late 19th entry are reflective of greater historical trends regarding Industrialization. American sports became American over the late 19th century by gradually integrating rising class values into the creation of sporting rules and practice. The urban and extensively diverse atmosphere in which popular sports developed necessitated Americanize them in such a way that sporting rules became cohesive with the exclusive class values of participants so that they opposed non- native culture and benefited the social group of the rule-makers. American sports re competitive, and thus leaving something to be gained, were inherently both profitable and popular, thus presenting fine arenas for a communication of the participants and practices by a leisure class. The American mentality that was present during the late sasss was a rise in nativity. Sports that played upon class tensions were popular due to their popularizing and often violent nature. This is evident through the class confrontations In breakneck fighting. When John L. Sullivan fought Jake Klan In the last of the gloveless confrontations In 1889, Klan as represented as a favored native due to his American identity. Sullivan had Irish ancestry and although surely not every bit of money was bet by spectators on fighters who were not of their ethnicity, but the match was primarily polarize . For both the participants and the spectators, boxing offered an appropriate window to play out sometimes violent class tensions in an equal and fair way. American sports became more American by gradually excluding African Americans from the world of white privilege, as It had previously been an avenue for self-determination and social mobility. Prior to the rise of Jim Crow and exclusive policies, athletes like Tom Monolingual, for example, had used the realm of sport to fight all over the world in the late sasss and make a decent living doing ITIL . However his race certainly was a barrier to his success in the united States, as white boxers practically forced him to move to Europe through a communal unspoken policy regarding black athletes. The use of sport as a social tool also remained available to Isaac Murphy, a black Jockey, who arguably was one of the most influential black athletes in the mid- 1 asss and the asss, racing in events like the Kentucky Derby and other notorious events. He was systematically pushed out of the sport however by white Jockeys who frequently boxed him in on the race track. Hitting him with their whips. This was an intentional action done by The Jockey Association to slow down Murphys practical assimilation Into white social culture through making an example of his race on the track. At ten turn AT ten TNT century Ana at ten real plane AT developments In ten specialization of labor, both the professional athlete and the average middle-class rocker had specific Job specifications. The pinnacle of Jim Crow however arises in the exclusion of African Americans as a kind of specialization of labor, that is, white athletes wanted to equate race with the ability to do anything specialized at all. Jack Johnson had to wait until Jim Jiffies accepted his challenge, as nobody was going to facilitate the fight without Jiffies approval anyway. Andrews, Matthew. The Manly Art. Lecture , September 9, 2014. 2 Andrews, Matthew. Black Athletes in the Age of Jim Crow. Lecture September 16, 2014. While Johnson inevitably won the fight, black players became marginalia for their skin color due to commonly held racist ideals about what kind of athletics spectators, coaches, and other white players wished to eliminate and augment in the group dynamics. Industrialization was a time of uncertainty not only for the everyday worker but also for the professional athlete himself. Just as danger and unstable Job conditions surrounded industrial labor, baseball players could be working one day and on the street the next. As the athlete became a commodity in the eyes of professional assessable managers around the turn of the 20th century, there was a gradual development of strategies utilized to take advantage of the infrastructure of sports like baseball that were greatly expanding opportunities for athletic employ due to their increasing popularity. This led to professional players exhibitionist themselves to play for multiple teams and in multiple games. This increase lends explanation to how sports like baseball, initially an exercise, and then a hobby for middle-class white-collar males allowed them to embody the American and capitalist spirit and lay baseball full-time. Baseball players celebrated upsetting the social hierarchy by throwing games, constant rotation of skilled players between teams, and the taking of money from bribes or payment from team owners and investors. The nature of general labor for the majority of Americans during the Progressive Era was brutal and offered little social determination. The degree to which baseball players reveled in the intense degree of control the group cumulatively had to manipulate the efficacy of the game. The same can be said for the rising popularity of American football. Theodore Roosevelt for example paralleled moral notions of muscular Christianity in football with the work ethic of the industrial working linen. While work ethic and personal ability was significant to being a part of a professional 3 Andrews, Matthew. The Game of Baseball. Lecture , September 2, 2014. 4 Andrews, Matthew. College Football and the Strenuous Life. Lecture , September 1 1, 2014. Sports team, like many of the industrial Jobs at the time, there was a communication going on at the time in terms of the labor of production, or more amateur baseball layers in urban centers that could replace and continue to saturate the baseball market for the sake of the team-owner and for the spectators. In other words, the skill of players was important, but it was arbitrary s ince baseball was such a new phenomenon, spectators Just wanted to watch people play. I en sequence AT Great White Hopes like Jiffies is referred to in the Jack Johnson article for example as a discussion of some sort of continually oppressive sequence of forces opposing black people. It didnt matter if it was Jiffies or any other individual; there were always ongoing to be more bodies to fight the battles and preoccupy those intrigued by racial tensions. Communication was also evident in the rising ticket prices and how that affected the types of people that could afford to attend more expensive athletic events. According to professor Andrews, the rising ticket prices kept out the riff-raff and offered a safe and clean environment for the middle and leisure classes to enjoy a sports. This notion of cleaning up the sport and paired with the communication of players truly displays how the marketing of baseball and players themselves was coming more important than the ability of the individual player. The media blew up match-ups (a lot like they do today) as they were the primary form of advertisement and the sole form of information after the game that some Americans would come in to contact with. It was important for a baseball club, Just like any other business of the time, to differentiate themselves based on the personal quality of their players since moral games were desirable outings to attend. Much like attending the opera, ballet or any sort of presumably classics event, porting events and the fan-fare that surrounded them were utilized by the upper class to conspicuously 5 BACK TO FARM FOR JIFFIES: He Will Never Enter the penne Ring Again. Still Dazed From His Beating, Jiffies Returns to His Camp and Is Comforted by Weeping Wife and His Many Friends. UNC Chapel Hill Libraries. The Chicago Tribune, 5 July 1910. Web. 16 Septet. 2014. 6 Andrews, Matthew. The Business of Baseball. Lecture , September 4, 2014. Display wealth and illustrate the differences between commoners and the attending elites. The displays of wealth were not only meant to make statements to the urban or who starkly opposed the wealthy through their sporting mannerisms, but they were intended to also put the athlete in their place. Athletes performances were commonly the grounds of gambling, entertainment, and otherwise the social field through which the elite interacted. While Jockeys competed in the Kentucky derby, the leisure class rested in the stands while relaxing in fine garments. Upper class elites Joined social and athletic clubs to not only exercise themselves, but to enjoy watching skilled boxers fight and spars. There are several things, although minor, hat undermined the American identity of fundamentally native sports. It was often advocated that Americans should take up sports and reject alcoholism and immoral behavior, yet many American athletes at this time, like Jim Jiffies, dealt with problems regarding substance and domestic abuse. In the Jack Johnson article, Jiffies is described as being out of good form due to these issues, lacking speed, and overall Just being old, thus indicating the degree to which this sort of immoral behavior did not belong in the sporting realm. The Americanism of native sport is further undermined regarding the origins of any games and athletic practices that Americans favored during the time period. Sports like baseball for example, had ostensibly native roots in evidence of the statically Ana ease games played In Tiny century England one could argue never, that the addition of certain rules were significant to Americans determining their individuality by renovating old forms of sport. For example, the idea of adding a line of scrimmage to American football as a way to civilize English Mob football is significant and exemplary of the ways that the game symbolically and 7 Andrews, Matthew. Sport and 100% Americanism. Lecture , September 23, 2014. Eternally balanced in a rule-based fashion that was favored by Americans. In conclusion the ways in which the communication of the American athlete and the specialization of his identity during the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, is a lens through which to understand something more about the ways that American society thought about civilizing sports. This was done by integrating rules that equated to class values in order to create spheres of interaction for the leisure class to both profit and be entertained by the sporting arena.

Cuckoos nest com essays

The Crucible/Cuckoo's nest com essays Texts: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Ken Kesey; The Crucible, Nicholas Hytner production of Arthur Miller's screenplay Question: Explain how the authors of the two texts present similar ideas, although they tell different stories. When ideas surpass both time and place, it is only logical that different authors presenting the theories in separate texts can maintain synonymous perceptions whilst creating superficially unrelated stories. A most clear example of this fact is witnessed in the comparison of Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and Nicholas Hytner's film adaptation of Arthur Miller's screenplay, The Crucible. Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest centres around a battle for the minds and souls of a group of mental patients between a dehumanising, conformist bureaucracy known as the "Combine", and naturalist, patriarchal individualism, which are represented by Kesey's characters "the Big Nurse" and "R.P. McMurphy" respectively. Apparently quite separately, The Crucible is based on the tragedy of the Salem witch trials of the nineteenth century, where mass hysteria goes hand in hand with sinister manipulation to take hundreds of innocent lives, revealing with the aid of a number of s ubplots that hell indeed has no fury like that of a woman spurned: especially a powerful and manipulative woman like the character "Abigail Williams". At first glance these texts appear related only in their high quality of their drama. However, upon closer examination, many similarities are revealed; in particular, parallels between the messages both authors impart. Despite obvious differences in each text's setting, plot, and characters, both Kesey, and Hytner through Miller, have forwarded similar ideas in their texts; perceptions of people and society in general that remain valid no matter what or whom the era or individual either author has utilised. One of the most obvious of the authors' shared perceptio...

Using Broach and Brooch Correctly

Using Broach and Brooch Correctly The words broach and brooch are homophones: theyre pronounced the same but have different meanings.   Definitions As a verb, broach means to pierce, break into, or open up. The verb broach also means to introduce (a topic) for discussion or make (something) known for the first time. As a noun, broach refers to a tapered cutting tool or a hole made by such a tool. The noun brooch refers to an ornamental pin thats usually worn at the neck. The two words are pronounced alike: brÃ… ch (rhymes with coach). Examples The best time to broach the topic of a raise is on a slow day at work.The broach has a series of cutting teeth along the axis of the tool.Humphrey Pump plunged down again into the sunken nest and began to  broach the cask  of rum in his own secret style, saying We can get something else somehow tomorrow. For tonight we can eat cheese and drink rum, especially as theres water on tap, so to speak.(G.K. Chesterton,  The Flying Inn, 1914)The princess wore a diamond brooch the size of a silver dollar. Usage Notes A brooch, a decorative pin or clip, is nothing like a broach. But since theyre often pronounced alike, and because ignorance never rests, some dictionaries accept broach as an alternative spelling of brooch.(Jane Straus,  et al.,  The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation, 11th ed. Jossey-Bass, 2014)If you broach something, you are suggesting that it is a valid topic for possible further discussion. If you wear a brooch on your dress, you hope that it will attract attention because of its beauty, and therefore, of course, attract attention to you who are wearing the brooch.(David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms. Wordsworth, 2007 ) Practice (a) Because Ms. Widmark said she was there on business, the lawyer felt he should _____ the matter of his fees. (b) Marie wore the emerald _____ that she had inherited from her grandmother. Answers Answers to Practice Exercises:  Broach and Brooch (a) Because Ms. Widmark said she was there on business, the lawyer felt he should  broach  the matter of his fees.(b) Marie wore the emerald  brooch  that she had inherited from her grandmother.

Video Games Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Video Games - Research Paper Example eless, the abundance of videogames and the challenging lifestyles of modern families make it impossible for most parents to monitor their children’s exposure to videogames. On the other hand, some experts claim that videogames have become the easy scapegoats for the growing number of disturbing social issues such as indiscriminate shootings. The following paragraphs will present a detailed definition of videogames, their advantages and disadvantages as well as the differences of the past and present videogames. According to the Free Dictionary online, a videogame is â€Å"any of various games that can be played by using an electronic control to move points of light or graphical symbols on the screen of a visual display unit† (farflex). Such visual display unit could be a personal computer or television screen. The same online dictionary further explains that a videogame is â€Å"an electronic game played by manipulating moving figures on a display screen, often designed for play on a special gaming console rather than a personal computer†. Such gaming consoles could be a wii, play station or Nintendo, gadgets that allow players to move the figures to execute the moves desired by the player. As a general rule, videogames are more of a mental game rather than a physical exercise. Although players need to move their hands in order to manipulate their game characters, they do not need to exert so much effort as they would in physical games such as basketball or football. In video games, the characters in the virtual world are the ones who need to do the â€Å"physical exercise† as the player manipulates then through the console. Therefore, the role of the gamer is to analyze and dictate the necessary moves of his character as displayed on the screen. The â€Å"safety† that videogames provide for players is making them more popular among parents and children. Parents often feel confident about their children’s safety when they know they are inside the house. This makes

Greek Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Greek Civilization - Essay Example It is upon this Achaean Wall that the quest for honor and justice prevails. Notably, â€Å"death in ten thousand shapes hangs ever over our heads, and no man can elude him: therefore let us go forward and either win glory for ourselves, or yield it to another† is a quote which basically means the determination of the warring armies around the legendary phenomenon to claim honor and justice for perceived past injustices as evident in Homeric Book XII. The place of timeh is the Achaean Wall. In the quest to die of honor if such a fate so reaches his army, Polydamas asks Hector to mobilize the soldiers and pass through the trench and the contested territory controlled by the Achaean army. Hector buys the idea, and all of the Trojans descend but for one senior member known as Asius (Moon, 2014). The army’s forward advance is driven by the determination to die of honor, and true to their mission, the enemy forces pin them down in the brutal confrontation. Their attempt to conquer the rampart with relative ease is thwarted. As the Trojans advance towards the enemy forces, they notice a rather important communication; above them, they come across an eagle holding a huge snake. The reptile confronts its captor fiercely, prompting the injured eagle soaked in blood to abandon the serpent. Polydamas interprets this sign to the effect that even though the Trojan army is superior to their enemy any attempt by them to storm the Achaean vessels with fire would result in their defeat. The resulting situation will force the Trojans into hasty retreats with heavy casualties. Hector disregards the sign and rebukes Polydamas saying that the army should construe the bird sign positively and seek justice for their country or retain their honor in death if they all die pursuing the noble cause (Presgonzlez, 2005). The two patriots and agents of justice move across the ramparts, mobilizing the soldiers. In the meantime, the Trojans led by Sarpedon and

Community Event Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Event Assignments - Essay Example The speaker also explained the deep meaning embedded behind this sacrificial ritual. The story of prophet Ibrahim was narrated really well. Since the event was spread over a long span of time, the members arranged for a time to read the Dhuhr (noon-prayer), Asr (after-noon prayer) and Maghrib prayers (evening prayer). These prayers are 3 of the 5 prayers that every Muslim is expected to read every single day. There was also a Henna session for the female students. During this session, intricate designs using henna was drawn on the palms of the willing female students. The henna designs are known as mehendi in the Muslim culture. Food was served up along with some dessert. A Muslim trivia was also arranged for during which questionnaires revolving Muslim traditions, history and culture were asked through which we gained a lot of more information and facts about Islam. The day ended with a cleaning up session after which we all returned home feeling much satisfied that we had the chanc e to come so close to such a rich yet misunderstood culture. I am glad that I had the opportunity to attend the community event. ... In fact, I believe that young Muslims Americans, like those who organized the event, can decrease the negativity between their culture and the West. American Islam dates back when slaves were brought from around the world to America but since they were freed the American Islam population was completely forgotten. We all are aware that immigrant Muslim population and American Muslim population are fast increasing in numbers and since Muslim students need to keep their cultural background intact as well as merge into the secular Western culture, this community event was an endeavor to accomplish just that1. The event was a nice platform for Muslim as well as Non-Muslim interaction. While the Muslim students had the chance of understanding the cultural and communal strength and the real meaning of Islam, the non-Muslim visitors gained an unforgettable experience. Since American Islam has to thrive among hostile population there are times when American Muslims are not valued, which leads to a feeling of dejection and abandonment. However this community event brought together so many like-minds to discuss about their feelings. I feel that I learnt a lot about cultural pluralism. An African-American poet had said-â€Å"Diversity makes for a rich tapestry and we should understand that all threads have the same value.† Somehow, in present day America, the American Muslims and the immigrant population are on the verge of losing their identity and I was not sure if they are recognized that well. Some studies even suggest that Muslim children often try to hide their real identity among fellow American students, but when I first came to this community event I immediately realized that the work the ASSOC was up to was incredible because they strived to keep their