Starting a New Business Essays -- Setting Up a Business

Introduction As Regina Meyers contemplates opening a Satanic coffeehouse in her hometown, she must make a number of critical business decisions related to business organization, ownership, structure, and management. A number of her friends and family members have expressed interest in partnering with her or simply being involved. As Regina’s legal adviser, I have been asked to provide advice to her on a variety of topics outlined below. Business: Friends, Family, and Foes As an entrepreneur and business owner myself, I applaud Regina for taking the first steps towards establishing her business - a Satanic coffeehouse – while also respectfully providing advice based on some of my personal lessons learned. The first, and from my perspective the most important, decision Regina must make is related to the ownership structure of her business. While respecting that Ben, her husband, is willing to make a capital investment in the business but does not desire to participate in the operation and management, Regina needs to ensure that, as a married couple, they both understand and accept the responsibilities and risks involved with starting a business. From the information presented in the background notes, I am concerned that Ben’s pledge of a financial investment in the proposed company was from personally managed funds and not jointly-managed funds. If, indeed, the financial support pledged was from her husband’s personal funds, I would respectfully advise Regina against the accepting the investment as the marriage relationship would likely suffer by adding a non-union investor-investee financial relationship. With this noted, if Ben’s financial contribution is actually a confirmation supporting the use of their joint financial re... ...trieved from BCP Business Center: http://www.business.ftc.gov/documents/inv05-buying-franchise-consumer-guide Gaston Regional Chamber. (2013, December 2). Just starting out/business formation. Retrieved from Gaston Regional Chamber: http://gaston.toolsforbusiness.info/northcarolina/1b/formation/ North Carolina Department of the Secretary of State. (2013, December 2). Search for a corporation by name. Retrieved from Corporations Division: http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/searchresults.aspx?onlyactive=OFF&Words=STARTING&searchstr=The%20Gathering%20Place United States Patent and Trademark Office. (2013, December 2). Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS). Retrieved from United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/index.jsp Wagner, E. (2013, September 12). Five reasons eight out of ten businesses fail. Forbes.com, p. 1.

Loneliness and Unrequited Love in James Joyces Dubliners Essays

Repetitive routines, and mundane details of everyday life characterize the lives of Joyce’s Dubliners and trap them with frustration, restraint, and violence. Routines affect the characters who face difficult predicaments, but it also affects characters who have little open conflict in their lives. The most consistent consequences of following mundane routines are loneliness and unrequited love. The consistency of these Dubliners’ lives through the stories, effectively traps them, preventing them from being receptive to new experiences and happiness. At the beginning of the twentieth century, chances for marriage in Ireland were slim. Gabriel and Gretta Conroy in â€Å"The Dead,"are the only married couple at the Morkin sisters Christmas party. While Mr. Duffy in â€Å"A Painful Case," and Maria in â€Å"Clay," who both live alone, certainly illustrate the emptiness of isolation, two married characters also seem upon consideration to be just as isolated. Mr. Duffy’s obsession with his predictable life costs him a golden chance at love. In â€Å"Eveline," the young girl has a chance to save herself from a life of poverty but cannot move, as if she was trapped, when her chance to flee arrives. She is trapped by her poverty that makes her family dependent upon her economically and social conventions that insure she will care for her family even though her father is abusive and keeps all her money. She will live out her life in poverty, as her mother did, making thankless sacrifices for all until she too loses her mind: â€Å"that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in craziness† (28). Mr. Doran, in "The Boarding House," has been tricked into marriage by Mrs. Mooney: â€Å"the instinct of the celibate warned him to hold back"(52). He does not love Pol... ...ad are more alive to many than the living. Gabriel Conroy's final, stark self-evaluation serves to crystallize the very essence of this hemiplegia in a few finely honed sentences. He realizes that, trapped as he is, he is incapable of real passion, real emotion: â€Å"He had never felt like that himself towards any woman but he knew that such a feeling must be love.'† He can no more 'apprehend' this intensity of feeling any more than one whole lived such a life could perceive the â€Å"wayward and flickering existence† he shares with the hosts of the dead. He feels his own boring identity fading out, yet feels nothing. He can only stare at the individual, unique snowflakes that hit his window, but cannot enter his little world. The image of the snowflake is soon faded into the grey shapeless mass of snow. His stories depict Dublin as a place conducive to self-destruction.

Case Study of river pollution Essay

Introduction River pollution has caused loss of lives and imbalances in the ecosystem. People, industries and natural causes contribute to the pollution of rivers. This makes the waters unsafe for both animal and human consumption. Conversely, what happens upstream may not be knowledge to those at the lower part of the river. In consequence, governments have come up with laws and regulations to curtain practices that may render the water harmless. Irrespective of the rules, river pollution still takes place. This study employs literature in the quest of all factors that surround river pollution. The Ganga River This is a river that has its source at southern slopes of the Himalayan ranges which is due to glaciations at Gangotri. It is four thousand metres above sea level. The river flows through mountains for two hundred and fifty kilometers before descending on an elevation of two hundred and eighty eight metres above sea level. Mandakini and Alaknanda are its tributaries. This river carries the largest quantities of silt in the world which is deposited at its delta (Wohl, 2011). Pertaining to Wohl (2012), for a long time, this river has enjoyed its purity but due to human encroachment, it has become much polluted. Purity of river water is dependent on its velocity. The faster it flows, the higher the purity. This river has numerous obstructionsso as to be utilized for irrigation purposes. With the escalation in commerce and communications, many towns have developed along the river. This river is polluted industrial and domestic waste waters, mass bathing as a performance of rituals, defecation at its banks by people who come from low income families, carcasses belonging to animals, human copses both unburned and half burned thrown into the river, agricultural residues from fertilizer and pesticides brought about by surface run off of water and solid garbage that is thrown directly into the river by people (Agre, 2013). In consequence to this, according to Ghosh (2012), the Ganga river is now a poisonous rier which is highly comprised of pollutats. In line with this,  the pollutants also comprise of heavy metals which are capable of causing cancer to the population. Key Players Ministry of Environment and Forests This is the major body in India that deals with all environmental issues at the central government level. It is funds and exercises control over all over bodies and agencies conserve the environment. This body oversees and supervises all the activities and financial spending of these other bodies. The ministry has been urged by some other bodies to change its proposal so as to perk up on controlling pollution for this river (Gopal & Agarwal, 2003). The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) This is the body that deals with all issues pertaining to the environment and its pollution in India. This body undertook a study in the year 1981 through to 1982 which enable it to classify methods through which the river is utilized and the pollution load. The report generated by this river gave the genesis of the Ganga Action plan. With reference to this report, it was established that pollution was from pesticide and fertilizers employment in agriculture, industrial wastes, domestic wastes and land use methods. This information was the basis on which the Department of Environment framed a policy (Gopal & Agarwal, 2003). The Ganga Project Directorate (GPD) According to (Jain, 2009), this body was founded in 1985 under the National Ministry of Environment and Forest. The rationale behind the formation of this body was for it to become a secretariat to the CGA and also to be the Apex Nodal Agency for the entire implementation process. Moreover, this body was to synchronize activities of divergent ministries that take part in the administration of funds. This body was thought to be a single investment which would be able to achieve the goal of improving the quality of water. The plan for this body was to be executed by the state governments which would assume management and operational tasks. The work of GPD was to exercise overall supervision. This body was to remain intact until the  completion of the GAP. The goal of this entire plan was to dissuade the wastes generated in the urban dwellings away from the river. This was to be enabled by treating the wastes through recycling and reuse. For efficiency of this plan, it was found out that it was a research was indispensible. This was to ascertain the nature and sources of pollution. In addition, a research would give an underpinning on which the most applicable plan pertaining to the utilization of resources of the Ganga River for forestry, animal husbandry and agriculture would be established. Additionally, the demographic, human and cultural settlement along the banks of the river would be ascertained. This led to the involvement of fourteen universities (Singh, 2007). National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) This is a body that was set up in the year 2009 as a nodal agency to supervise the coordination of authorities, the planning, monitoring and financing of all activities that are directed towards the eradication of pollution and the conservation of the all rivers. It was chaired by the prime minister and was founded under the NGRBA Act (The Energy and Resource Institute Consultant, 2011). Its activities were supposed to be cover cleaning of rivers in all states. Ganga River was a main target by this body due to an international conference that dealt with environmental issues that had been held two years prior. Through this body, corporate and civil bodies as well as the citizens were supposed to participate with the ultimate goal of alleviating river pollution (Agre, 2013). Foreign Aids Some of the countries and foreign bodies made a decision of partnering wit the Indian government with the chief goal of rescuing this river which is in dire need for intervention. Among them is the Israeli government which was ready to which was in position to cooperate with IITs through provision of technological, knowledge (Nandan, 2012). Additionally, the Australian government also has the goal of contributing the salvation of the Ganga River through funding projects that were designed to thwart the river from industrial pollution trough the AusAID program. The country also pledged to  aid India with expertise who would aid with coming up with better sustainable and safe methods for the management and disposal of the waste generated b y the tanneries. Governance Challenges Challenges that that face the policy and mitigation plan is that, pollution is partly caused by municipal sewage which is a component of the government. Additionally, some of the industrial wastes were found to be extremely toxic and hard to manage. In the same context, the government set up regulations which would control pollution by the industrial sector. A setback that emerged is that some of the industries did not comply hence they were forced to close down. The government had to engage in legal tussles with such companies, a step that led to expenditures and time consumption. With regard to this, commercialization has elevated along the shores of this river. This has led to the establishment of many industries and tanneries along the river, which do not or do not adequately treat their effluent before discharging it to the river. The government has tried several ways even with employment of motivation to perk up on the owners to treat their effluent. This has not yielded much fruit as some of them have not incorporated the plan in their practice (Bharti, 2012). The governance and management of the projects was under the docket of the state governments. They partnered with the non governmental organizations and foreign aid agencies which introduced the conservation plan to new obstructions. This is because the non governmental organizations gave up with their own mandates which were supposed to be complied with by the state governments. This impeded the decision making process. This did not only result in to delays of the entire project but also gave room for justification of contractors’ shortcomings (Chatterjee, 2008). The government is trying to put up mechanisms and projects that will lead to alleviation of pollution to enable the water at least attain bathing quality. With reference to Nandan (2012), this action has faced a blow when some of the members of the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) stepped down form the task. This is with the reason that they had found out  that the government was not straight forward with the goal of averting pollution with regard to the Ganga River. Value Conflicts There has been an issue whether to privatize the waters of the Ganga River. Most arguments have been against this. The arguments are based on the thoughts that water is an economic good and with regard to this, it should be utilized for commercial purposes. Some people suggested that the water from the river should be bottled and sold at the market. This is in line with the draft water policy which echoed that due to the economic value of water, it cannot be in provision for free. This means that the water still faces greater chances of overuse. Contested Knowledge Hindus believe that the waters of the Ganga River are holy hence they utilize the river has been employed for ritualistic activities since time in memorial. This has led to the misuse, pollution and overuse. Additionally, with the information about plastics and polythene not being biodegradable, in accordance to Governace Knowledge Center (2012), the high court asked the government to veto the utilization of the same in all cities that are situated along the Ganga River. The court also recommended that the state government should encourage the citizens to indulge in the usage of biodegradable products. This very same ordered the administration to proscribe sewage discharges into the river. The court in deed brought out very good suggestions but it would be a bit challenging the government to implement this because some of the products are packaged in plastic and polythene packages. If people were supposed to avert from the use of plastics and polythene, it certainly means that they do not employ these products in their daily uses. Water recycling has been employed as a chief way of dealing with the effluents generated industries and domestically. There are twenty nine thousand industries in Kapur among which four hundred are tanneries. In accordance with this large transnational companies charged with the task waste water treatment have been set up the ultimate truth is that not all  the water generated by the companies can be treated and used for agriculture year in year out. Subsequently, some of the water has to come back to the river. This is one factor that did not yield fruits in GAP 1 as pointed out by Bharti (2012). Competing Interests The condition of the river has grown from worse to worst. This is on the grounds that those who are in charge of policy and decision making for the whole reclamation process do not hinge on the river for their livelihoods (Thakkar, 2013). Whether the water is clean, or the river flows or not, their lives are not dependent on this. Those whose livelihoods are dependent on this river are nowhere near the position of making key decision. Corresponding to this, there has been prominence on pipes, pumps and novel plants but no strategies for the management and governance of the river regime. For the sake of operation, sewage plants have been established but they do not function to capacity. The quality of their services is poor and no one has been held responsible. This in turn contributes to more pollution. Pertaining to the Gang a campaigns, the river is not supposed to be attached to sewage but the reality on the ground is that the rive r is a sewage in itself in accordance with Thakkar ( 2013). The Ganga campaigns have emphasized on the impeding of the project works at Mandakini, Alaknanda and Bhagirathi tributaries but the government has commissioned the same. This is irrespective of the denial by the Forest Advisory Committee twice to validate the project. Additionally, the Wildlife Institute of India also recommended that the project should not be given a go ahead. Institutional Barriers The Ganga Action Plan which was set up in 1985 was supposed to come to a conclusion by the month of March in the year 1990. According to Gopal and Agarwal (2003), this deadline was not yielded to instead many other deadlines arose form this. To the year 2008, the project was still on and was nowhere near conclusion. This slow pace has been attributed to many factors. The government was found not to release sufficient funds for this project. This has led the in between stagnation of the project. This is  because the government puts the money designated for this project into other uses. GAP was to disseminate its duties by establishing river fronts, enhancing Ghats used for bathing, electric crematoria, dealing with toile complexes, setting up treatment plans for the industrial effluents, laying down treatment plants for sewages and coming up with effective mechanisms for handling municipal wastes that accounted for seventy fie percent of Ganga river pollution. The ministry of environment and forest did not set up a timeline and deadlines for submission of reports about the undertakings of GAP. The court had set up deadlines but this ministry had no strategies of ensuring compliance to the same (Gopal & Agarwal, 2003). GAP itself could not account for its expenditures with reference to Agre (2013). Some of the funds had been misappropriate and most often work had not been accomplished. This was so both at the national level and also by the National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD). In accordance to finances, the stated complained that inadequacy of funds had been the stumbling block that had inhibited them from achieving the goals of this project. On the contrary, the funds that had been issued by the central government had not been effectively and faithfully utilized on the project. Conclusion Ganga River has been encroached and this has lead to extinction of some animal and plant species. In addition, human lives especially for the poor who solely depend on the river for their water uses are rendered susceptible. The government needs to explore its strategies from a serious point of view. All the projects set should be monitored to meet their completion in the set time. All the bodies associated, the people and the industries should carry out activities that perk up on the life of this river. References Agre, P. (2013). River Ganga in dire state of pollution and governance affairs. SERI News , 7 (10), 42-50. Bharti, S. (2012, July 31). Strengthen participatory urban governance to prevent pollution in Ganga at Kanpur and recognise the need to look for decentralized solutions. India Waterportal , pp. 36-42. Chatterjee, S. (2008). Water resources, conservation and management. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. Ghosh, A. (2012, October 17). Ganga is now a deadly source of cancer, study says. The Times of India , pp. 23-24. Gopal, K. & Agarwal. (2003). River pollution in India and its management. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation. Governace Knowledge Center. (2012, December 7). Governace Knowledge Center. Retrieved September 30, 2013, from Allahabad High Court asks Up government to regulate pollution in river Ganga: indiagovernance.gov.in/news.php?id=1861 Jain, A. (2009). River pollution : regeneration and cleaning. New Delhi: A.P.H Publishing Corporation. Nandan, T. (2012, March 14). Israel ready to help India check Ganga pollution. Governance , pp. 22-17. Singh, L. (2007). River Pollution. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. Thakkar, H. (2013, June 5). The Plight of Severely Polluted Ganges River. Epoch Times , pp. 15-17. The Energy and Resource Institute Consultant. (2011). Environmental and Social Analysis. New Delhi: N ational Ganga River Basin Authority. Wohl, E. (2011). A World of Rivers: Environmental Change on Ten of the World’s Great Rivers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Wohl, E. (2012, March 5). The Ganga-Eternally Pure? Global Water Forum , pp. 27-30.

Alarm over Dramatic Weakening of Gulf Stream Essay

Gulf Stream and the extension it has on Europe is said to be a powerful Atlantic current that has its origin in Gulf of Mexico all the way to Africa across the Atlantic Ocean. It is the one that influences the climate in the North American coast as well as the coast in Europe. It is also used as a source of renewable energy for the generation of power. Gulf Stream is a strong current that usually meets with other ocean currents and rain is formed. It also transports water in the form of waves and also helps the rivers that drain in the Atlantic Ocean. It forms rain as the current is able to cool the water that is draining in the Atlantic Ocean thus evaporation takes place and falls in form of rain. Since the current is the one that is controlling the climate in the region that it passes scientists have warned that there is evidence of its weakening. This means that there are areas that the current will cool thus preventing human activities from taking place. According to George et al 1995, this will lead to reduction of global warming in the future until 2015. This is evident as the warm water that comes from tropical Atlantic is cold when it gets to the north of Atlantic. This is not to say that the climate will change badly as it might be thought. According to the same source the Gulf Stream is said to have weakened in the past decades and this has been caused by global warming. The strength that the current has, when measured it has been found to slow by 30%. This has made the circulation to slow down and if it remains so the temperatures in some countries are likely to drop like in Britain. It is also not clear whether the weakening is long term or short term. The reason why temperatures are likely to change is because the current transports heat from regions that are equatorial to the circle of the Arctic. This makes the water in the surface to warm as the current releases the heat as it goes to the north where it is cold. Global warming affects the current by slowing it down. This is because global warming has caused melting of the water in the mountainous regions to melt and makes the water less saline thus cooling cannot take place. In Paris â€Å"Little Ice Age† that started in Europe is as a result of the weakening of the Gulf Stream. This is because there is warm water that enters River Thames and cannot allow it to cool to how it was in the past. This has also changed the weather in the region. The weakening has been explained in the British journal Nature. The Gulf Stream has been blamed because the warm water that it takes from the tropical regions to the coastline in Europe has cause severe weather changes in the regions that it passes through. There is also evidence in the sediment cores from where the Gulf Stream enters. There are planktons that are evident in these cores and this depends on the isotope that is present in oxygen. The isotope is dependant on the salinity of the water. This is what shows the density of the water in the sea. According to scientists there is evidence that there are changes that are taking place in the Gulf Stream. They say that if the Gulf Stream did not have any influence Britain and Siberia could have the same latitude. In the past Greenland Sea had dense water sinking but since today it meets the Gulf steam currents it warms up and the result is that the water becomes warm. This has caused the water to become warm and affect the animals that are present in the water. Chimneys are the dense water that used to sink and this has reduced and thus weakening the Gulf Stream current. The ice in the sea is said to be getting thinner and thinner. Other scientists from Cambridge University have confirmed the weakening of the Gulf Stream and that Europe is likely to be cold than in the past. This is because of the fact that the strength at which the current is flowing is slower than in the past. They have also said that the chimneys that were present in the Greenland Sea are no longer there. It is because of these chimneys that the world is experiencing the climatic changes that are taking place. They have also predicted that the waters are going to remain as they are and that temperature in Britain is going to drop in the next decade. (Taylor, et al, 1992 p. 920) The weakening of these temperatures is going to cause no melting of the snow that falls in countries like Finland and France. This will cause glaciations to begin because there will be an increase in the reflectivity of the planet. The Gulf currents is also said to affect the other currents that it meets as it travels. There are also some climatic changes that are likely to occur in the future but they are not known. It is also projected that the currents will continue to slow down in the future. Work Cited George, D. G. and A. H. Taylor, UK lake plankton and the Gulf Stream. Nature, 1995, 378, 139 Taylor, A. H. , Colebrook, J. M. , Stephens, J. A. and N. G. Baker, Latitudinal displacements of the Gulf Stream and the abundance of plankton in the north-east Atlantic. J. of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1992, 72, 919-921.

A Narrative Of Me And You Written By Niccolo Ammaniti s...

A narrative bears many similarities to a snowflake. All snowflakes are composed of exactly the same material, but when scrutinized, no two are the same. The same can be said about two narratives which may contain the same story but the meaning can change when recounted by different narrators. The difference in narratives can be observed in the novel and film adaptation of Me and You written by Niccolà ² Ammaniti s and directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. All stories contain a mixture of constituent and supplementary events. The overall constituent events that must be present in Me and You are that Lorenzo must first lie about leaving for a week long ski trip, then he must hide in a cellar, after which Olivia rest with her brother until the week ends. Both Ammaniti and Bertolucci insert supplementary events that although do not move the story forward or directly affect the constituent events, add meaning to their perspective of the story. The supplementary event which Ammaniti attaches t o his narrative occurs when he writes the scene about Lorenzo and his mother were stuck in a traffic jam on the Corso Vittorio. On the other hand, Bertolucci incorporates the scene where Oliva invites a friend to the cellar to further strengthen his vision for his narrative. Meanwhile Ammaniti crafts his narrative to present the reader with Italy’s imperfections and perfections, Bertolucci limits the audience’s knowledge of the Italy outside of Lorenzo’s bunker to bring us to a closer meaning of

Einstein´s Space Time - 583 Words

Introduction General Relativity is a two part theory created by the German physicist, Albert Einstein. The two sections of relativity is special relativity and general relativity. Special relativity focuses more on lines, constant-velocity motion on the mass of objects, the passage throughout time, and that passing the speed of light is impossible. General relativity deals with accelerated motion, gravitational fields on mass, size, and time. General relativity also states that matter and space effect each other and that the universe ends and there may be more universes out there. Relativity also includes space-time. Many people think that space and time are completely different variables, but physicists often combine them into â€Å"space-time†. Space-time is a four-dimensional coordinate system used in relativity and other areas of physics. The dimensions are, length, width, height, and the 4th is the time dimension. In Einstein’s curved-space-time universe, things a re far more flexible. You always move into the future, traveling through time second by second, but not able to go through any faster. It is still called time travel because to move through time. It is called moving on a time-like curve through space-time. If the curve becomes too large, it loops in, causing time loops and becoming a closed time-like curve. Such phenomena is predicted by the Theory of General Relativity, that time will â€Å"loop†, resulting in a person to relive a certain part of his/her live overShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of Albert Einstein1284 Words   |  6 PagesRobbie Patio BIO 101 Professor Dartley 4/16/15 Albert Einstein Most people know who Albert Einstein is and how great of a physicist he was, yet many aren’t aware that Albert Einstein had not even finished high school! Most would think that a person who doesn’t complete high school is dumb, and lazy. 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Individual intentions towards entrepreneurship vs intrapreneurship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3415 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Concept of Intrapreneurship Intrapreneurship is the same concept of Entrepreneurship with a main difference that Intrapreneurship is practiced within established organizations. From both definitions above, we can note that Entrepreneurs are opportunity driven. Opportunity comes from changes in the environment, and one characteristic of Entrepreneurs is that they are good at seeing patterns of change. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Individual intentions towards entrepreneurship vs intrapreneurship" essay for you Create order It is also evident that Entrepreneurs are not resource driven. For those who confuse an entrepreneur with a manger they are completely opposite: a manager achieves a goal given an amount of resources; the Entrepreneur asks for resources to achieve a goal! Difference between Intrapreneur and Entrepreneur: Intrapreneur is a person who focuses on innovation and creativity and who transforms an idea into a profitable venture, by operating within the organizational environment. Intrapreneurs, by definition, embody the same characteristics as the Entrepreneur, conviction, passion, and drive. If the company is supportive, the Intrapreneur succeeds. When the organization is not, the Intrapreneur usually fails or leaves to start a new company. An Intrapreneur thinks like an entrepreneur seeking out opportunities, which benefit the corporation. It was a new way of thinking, in making companies more productive and profitable. Main differences between entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship: There are, of course, a few things that are different between Intrapreneurship and Entrepreneurship. For starters, the Intrapreneur acts within the confines of an existing organization. The dictates of most organizations would be that the Intrapreneur should ask for permission before attempting to create a desired future practice, the Intrapreneur is more inclined to act first and ask for forgiveness than to ask for permission before acting. One advantage of Intrapreneurship over Entrepreneurship is that Intrapreneurs typically finds a ready source of free resources within the organization which can be applied to the opportunity being exploited. Importance of Intrapreneurship nowadays Todays world is changing very fast that organizations are finding it hard to keep pace and compete, therefore they are looking towards   their Intrapreneurs to take increase their competition by creating new businesses, and entering new markets. Conceptualizing entrepreneurial employee behavior Entrepreneur Entrepreneur is a term applied to a person who is willing to launch a new venture or enterprise and accept full responsibility for the outcome. Leadership attributes The entrepreneur leads his company and shows leadership potentials by selecting managerial staff, the company strategy Management skills and the right choice of staff are essential for the success of an entrepreneur. Beside that an entrepreneur become a leader because they see available opportunities and stays well-positioned to take advantage of them. An entrepreneur may perceive that they are among the few to recognize or be able to solve a problem. Joseph Schumpeter saw the entrepreneur as innovators and popularized the uses of the phrase creative destruction to describe his view of the role of entrepreneurs in changing business norms. Creative destruction encompasses changes entrepreneurial activity makes every time a new process, product or company enters the market. Influences, personality traits, and characteristics The most significant influence on an individuals decision to become an entrepreneur is workplace peers and the social composition of the workplace. Entrepreneurs also often possess innate traits such as extroversion and a propensity for risk-taking. According to Schumpeter, an entrepreneur characteristically innovates, introduces new technologies, increases efficiency, productivity, or generates new products or services. An entrepreneur acts as a catalyst for economic change and research indicates that entrepreneurs are highly creative individuals who imagine new solutions by generating opportunities for profit or reward. There is a complexity and lack of cohesion between research studies that explore the characteristics and personality traits of, and influences on, the entrepreneur. Most studies, however, agree that there are certain entrepreneurial traits and environmental influences that tend to be consistent. Although certain entrepreneurial traits are required, entrepreneur ial behaviours are dynamic and influenced by environmental factors. Shane and VenKataraman (2000) argue the entrepreneur is solely concerned with opportunity recognition and exploitation; however, the opportunity that is recognized depends on the type of entrepreneur which Ucbasaran et al. (2001) argue there are many different types dependent on their business and personal circumstances. Psychological studies show that the psychological propensities for male and female entrepreneurs are more similar than different. Perceived gender differences may be due more to gender stereotyping. There is a growing body of work that shows that entrepreneurial behavior is dependent on social and economic factors. For example, countries which have healthy and diversified labor markets or stronger safety nets show a more favorable ratio of opportunity driven rather than necessity-driven women entrepreneurs. Empirical studies suggest that women entrepreneurs possess strong negotiating skills and c onsensus-forming abilities. Interviewing an entrepreneur/intrapreneur Summary Based on my discussions and interaction with Mr. MAWAD, I have analyzed his personality traits, background, motivation factors behind his entrepreneurial skills. Entrepreneurial feelings: The need for independence and acquiring sense of achievement were the prime factors for him for his entrepreneurial feelings. His risk taking attitude also supplemented the feelings. These can be suitably demonstrated by the following events in the life of Mr. Mawad: Doing small businesses like selling ballpen refills, firecrackers in his school days for his pocket money and thereby reducing his dependence on his parents for money His habit of doing small jobs helped him fund his education when his family was going through tough times His sense of being stuck in the organization with doing only administrative and mundane tasks as part of his work life Jumping at the first opportunity of being an entrepreneur when his ex-boss asked to join him His first venture is in IT, which has been his domain for last 8 years. He is now exploring opportunities in recycling waste. This shows his calculated risk taking capabilities Entrepreneurial background and characteristics: Family Environment Santosh Rane is first born His parents were supportive when he started doing small businesses in school and college days Though his family currently discourages entrepreneurship, his wife has been very supportive of his venture Education Santosh Rane is an engineer by his educational qualifications he has also done Diploma in Management Studies to gain exposure to management principles. This has provided him a good background to understand the nuances of running a business Personal Values Personal values are quite important to Santosh. Personal values such as integrity, commitment and endurance are the values that Santosh Rane looks for in partners His sense of commitment towards his employees who have placed their trust in him can be seen by his hesitation to take up riskier ventures. Work History His initial formative years of his career were spent in Chemical Industry where he was responsible for construction of projects within the company. This was a very high responsibility job. As the years progressed, Santosh realized that after a certain point growth stagnated in the Chemical industry and even the remuneration was not attractive in the core industry. He took a risk to get into IT industry to gain a jump in his salary. As he climbed the growth the ladder, he was again stuck up with managerial tasks which were managerial in nature. This lack of challenge, boredom, and frustration motivated him to launch his own venture. Motivation/Support Systems Motivations: Sense of Independence Money Need for achievement Drive and Zeal to do something that he loved Role Models: Narayan Murthy His maternal uncle who had started a small workshop Support Systems His wife His uncle His ex-employers Avartan Technologies Clients I will be interviewing my father for both being an intrapreneur (project manager in one of the biggest companies in Lebanon) and an entrepreneur for his own business Brief Profile of the Entrepreneur Name: Mr. Jean MAWAD Age:   53 years Education: Diploma in Civil Engineering Highway, minor degree in economics 1983 Work Experience: Ahdab Co. 1983 to 1992 Antoine Makhloof EST 1992 to present Current Enterprise Masters Hotel Ehden Entrepreneurial opportunities 1990 till date JM Civil engineering consulting 2010 till date Mr. Mawad, born in the North of Lebanon, comes from a very humble family consisting of his parents and his brother. His father was a farmer with lager assets. During his school days, he helped his father selling his goods, and convinced his uncle to exportation in his father business. He eventually went on to become a Civil Engineer one of the best Universities in Lebanon (USJ). The first job he got thanks to the recommendation of his maternal uncle, at Ahdab Co. Enterprises Profile Masters Hotel Ehden Masters Hotel is a mountainous mixed resort and hotel famous for its pristine surroundings and beautiful scenery. Ehden, a very busy summer town is one of the most sought after place in Lebanon to spend summer time. This fact is witnessed by the overcrowded hospitality places, such as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and resorts during the whole summer period. In the neighborhood of the site there is the protected area of the Forest of Ehden which is famous for its biodiversity and majestic eco-system. It has become a worldwide destination for ecotourism and a safe-haven for researchers in botanic fields. Interview Would you tell me about yourself before you started your first venture? I am civil Engineer; know I am a project manager in a construction company that mainly works in roads and highway fields. I started in a civil engineering laboratory to fastly move to be a project manager, and in parallel started my own business, it has been 20 years now. Whom else did you know while you were growing up who had started or owned a business, and how did they influence you? Anyone later, after you were 21 years old? Starting of my own was always on my mind since childhood. But while working in the civil engineering field, I came to know many service contractors, manufacturers and vendors and interaction with them made me believe that I also can start of my own. Were your parents, relatives, or close friends entrepreneurial? How so? No one. In my family, it was always in generating profits for the existent capital, but not going into new businesses. I took the chance first and I succeeded till now. My wife has supported me all through my venture. Did you have role models? Yes, my maternal Uncle, who is hardly educated, supported me and helped me to convince my parents to give me a small capital to start my ventures. What was your education/military experience? In hindsight, was it helpful? In what specific ways? Being an engineer always helps me to do analysis in scientific way, though I may not be using all the knowledge that I have learnt from my engineering days. Education helps you to build confidence to learn new things. A commerce graduate usually shies away from technical content and while engineers also do same way for accounts. In my view one should receptive to acquire knowledge in different areas. Of course Technology and Finance are the key for any business. Did you have a business or self-employment during your youth? I started my first Business when I was in 21 before I graduate from university. It was about real estate, may father gave me a land and money to build a 6 stories building, this business was pretty none existent in my area, normally people build their own houses and have to contact all suppliers, I offered a full equipped house to clients, and that went for the next 4 years. I gave back the main investment to my father. This business gave me the idea of a Hotel. In particular, did you have any sales or marketing experience? How important was it, or a lack of it, to starting your company? I dont have any experience. But I never felt need of it, as every person does marketing every moment of his life, be it in his job or business. You continuously have to sell yourself. The only difference is, in business you need to have a scientific approach. Describe how you decided to create a job by starting your venture instead of taking a job with someone else I was working for 8 years for somebody and although I was satisfied with my growth, I thought growth would halt after 4 to 5 years and instead of being the liability to engineering I thought of adding value to myself and others. How did you spot the opportunity? How did it surface? A contractor that knows me from my previous job got the first big contract in highroad and he asked me to join as Project engineer. I jumped at the opportunity. And I got I great bonus, that helped me to grow up my hotel What were your goals? What were your lifestyle needs or other personal requirements? How did you fit these together? My lifestyle needs are no different than a common mans goals and I was blessed to have achieved those lifestyle needs by then. But my personal goals are not directly related to wealth. They are creating some space of your own and create jobs for others. If your income is low, then you align yourself to that, being from lower middleclass family, this is not challenge for me. How did you evaluate the opportunity in terms of the critical elements for success? The competition? The market? Did you have specific criteria you wanted to meet? I strongly believe that there are opportunities around you all the time. The point is whether you are ready to take that. Let me explain there are available seats for IIM every year but the opportunity exists only for those who are ready. Now Lebanon is passing through a phase which every country does only once in its lifetime and I am happy to be there at this point of time. So anything and everything that comes your way can be opportunity. But, only a few see it while others see it only when somebody makes use of it. Did you find or have partners? What kind of planning did you do? What kind of financing did you have? This was easy for me, my boss of the company was mostly ready to put money in my own business. Also I had my brother as an associate in the Hotel, but we split in the last year. Did you have a startup business plan of any kind? Please tell me about it. We did not have any business plan. We just jumped at the opportunity. Currently, we are in the process of building one. How much capital did it take? How long did it take to reach a positive cash flow and break-even sales volume? If you did not have enough money at the time, what were some ways in which you bootstrapped the venture (bartering, borrowing, and the like)? Tell me about the pressures and crises during that early survival period. I have borrowed over a 100 000$. I started with land capital, from my father, and I did have personal reserves for about 18 months period and that sailed me through at the personal front, in addition to some gain from the buildings project. How did any outside advisors make a difference in your company? Outside advisors can give a different view point to founders directions. This would not only help in our current business line but also in other diversifications that we plan to build in years to come. This would also help to build network and brand in Industry. Networking is very important and I think the first customer that you get is usually through networking. We are looking for advisors for our various initiatives. Now I am expanding the Hotel Capital by 500K$ to build a new facility. What did you perceive to be the strengths and Weaknesses of your venture? Dedicated team of founders who want to work together to make a company which is built on values is our strength. The weakness that I think Ive faced is the lack of ability to take bold decisions due to financial insecurity, in addition to political instability in Lebanon When you looked for key people as partners, advisors, or managers, were there any personal attributes or attitudes you were particularly seeking because you knew they would fit with you and were important to success? How did you find them? Honesty, commitment and endurance would be the only attribute I would look for. Rest fall in place automatically. Are there any attributes among partners and advisors that you would definitely try to avoid? Suspicious partners, Lack of Values, and always create legal commitments and clear rules for partnership! In terms of the future, do you plan to maintain? To expand? As I sad we are looking forward to build a new facility, actually weve started the project but were crrutenly in a little shortage of money. In your ideal world, how many days a year would you want to work? Please explain. I would like to take a break for 15 days for family and would like to dedicate about 20 days in a year for social work; rest I would want to work. Do you plan ever to retire? Would you explain? Well, I never want to retire. Though I would not like to work, I want to dedicate my last years of life for betterment of society and social work. Till 60 years of age I would work more for me and after 60 I would change the ratio. Have your goals changed? Have you met them? I believe in short term goals. They do give a sense of achievement and inspiration to do more in life. So yes, my goals always change once I achieved one. Yeah sometimes it takes more time to achieve a goal but I do achieve them as I have to move on. What do you learn from both success and failure? Learning is always from failures as one usually tends to take success for granted. Sometimes you may get success and next time doing same way you may not and you fail. So failure always makes you learn. What do you consider your most valuable asset, the thing that enabled you to make it? My attitude, patience, and self-belief. If you had it to do over again, would you do it again, in the same way? Yes, I would always like to jump in well and learn swimming rather than thinking whether to jump and finally do all planning and not jump at all or probably find out its too late to swim. I believe its better to do imperfect things that doing nothing perfectly. Once you are in it, you would find the best way to survive and succeed. Some people say there is a lot of stress being an entrepreneur. What have you experienced? How would you say it compares with other hot seat jobs, such as the head of a big company, or a partner in a large law or accounting firm? I dont agree, one can decide where to stop when being an entrepreneur. When you work for others, they control you and so its tough. What things do you find personally rewarding and satisfying as an entrepreneur? What have been the rewards, risks, and trade-offs? I could do the things the way I wanted to do, I am contended on that front.   There is nothing called risk, its always relative to a person. Patients health risk is Doctors opportunity is another way of looking at it. Its too early to reap in any monetary rewards; we have just started it yet. But, yes the satisfaction of doing something on your own is my biggest reward so far. Who should try to be an entrepreneur? And who should not? Person who believes in himself/herself should only go for it. Relying on somebody else may result in despair, as he/she would not be ready to accept failures. You and only you would be responsible for your successes or failures. What advice would you give an aspiring entrepreneur? Could you suggest the three most important lessons you have learned? How can I learn them while minimizing the tuition? I could say â€Å"Once started dont give up. You may reach goal late than others but you will reach there for sure. Also To become a successful entrepreneur, you should be patient and calm. you should avoid hastiness and rapid success. An individual should know how to manage his time efficiently. And last but not the least; an individual should be committed to his work. He should be committed and loyal to his words and fulfills his promises made to the customers.