Individual intentions towards entrepreneurship vs intrapreneurship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3415 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Concept of Intrapreneurship Intrapreneurship is the same concept of Entrepreneurship with a main difference that Intrapreneurship is practiced within established organizations. From both definitions above, we can note that Entrepreneurs are opportunity driven. Opportunity comes from changes in the environment, and one characteristic of Entrepreneurs is that they are good at seeing patterns of change. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Individual intentions towards entrepreneurship vs intrapreneurship" essay for you Create order It is also evident that Entrepreneurs are not resource driven. For those who confuse an entrepreneur with a manger they are completely opposite: a manager achieves a goal given an amount of resources; the Entrepreneur asks for resources to achieve a goal! Difference between Intrapreneur and Entrepreneur: Intrapreneur is a person who focuses on innovation and creativity and who transforms an idea into a profitable venture, by operating within the organizational environment. Intrapreneurs, by definition, embody the same characteristics as the Entrepreneur, conviction, passion, and drive. If the company is supportive, the Intrapreneur succeeds. When the organization is not, the Intrapreneur usually fails or leaves to start a new company. An Intrapreneur thinks like an entrepreneur seeking out opportunities, which benefit the corporation. It was a new way of thinking, in making companies more productive and profitable. Main differences between entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship: There are, of course, a few things that are different between Intrapreneurship and Entrepreneurship. For starters, the Intrapreneur acts within the confines of an existing organization. The dictates of most organizations would be that the Intrapreneur should ask for permission before attempting to create a desired future practice, the Intrapreneur is more inclined to act first and ask for forgiveness than to ask for permission before acting. One advantage of Intrapreneurship over Entrepreneurship is that Intrapreneurs typically finds a ready source of free resources within the organization which can be applied to the opportunity being exploited. Importance of Intrapreneurship nowadays Todays world is changing very fast that organizations are finding it hard to keep pace and compete, therefore they are looking towards   their Intrapreneurs to take increase their competition by creating new businesses, and entering new markets. Conceptualizing entrepreneurial employee behavior Entrepreneur Entrepreneur is a term applied to a person who is willing to launch a new venture or enterprise and accept full responsibility for the outcome. Leadership attributes The entrepreneur leads his company and shows leadership potentials by selecting managerial staff, the company strategy Management skills and the right choice of staff are essential for the success of an entrepreneur. Beside that an entrepreneur become a leader because they see available opportunities and stays well-positioned to take advantage of them. An entrepreneur may perceive that they are among the few to recognize or be able to solve a problem. Joseph Schumpeter saw the entrepreneur as innovators and popularized the uses of the phrase creative destruction to describe his view of the role of entrepreneurs in changing business norms. Creative destruction encompasses changes entrepreneurial activity makes every time a new process, product or company enters the market. Influences, personality traits, and characteristics The most significant influence on an individuals decision to become an entrepreneur is workplace peers and the social composition of the workplace. Entrepreneurs also often possess innate traits such as extroversion and a propensity for risk-taking. According to Schumpeter, an entrepreneur characteristically innovates, introduces new technologies, increases efficiency, productivity, or generates new products or services. An entrepreneur acts as a catalyst for economic change and research indicates that entrepreneurs are highly creative individuals who imagine new solutions by generating opportunities for profit or reward. There is a complexity and lack of cohesion between research studies that explore the characteristics and personality traits of, and influences on, the entrepreneur. Most studies, however, agree that there are certain entrepreneurial traits and environmental influences that tend to be consistent. Although certain entrepreneurial traits are required, entrepreneur ial behaviours are dynamic and influenced by environmental factors. Shane and VenKataraman (2000) argue the entrepreneur is solely concerned with opportunity recognition and exploitation; however, the opportunity that is recognized depends on the type of entrepreneur which Ucbasaran et al. (2001) argue there are many different types dependent on their business and personal circumstances. Psychological studies show that the psychological propensities for male and female entrepreneurs are more similar than different. Perceived gender differences may be due more to gender stereotyping. There is a growing body of work that shows that entrepreneurial behavior is dependent on social and economic factors. For example, countries which have healthy and diversified labor markets or stronger safety nets show a more favorable ratio of opportunity driven rather than necessity-driven women entrepreneurs. Empirical studies suggest that women entrepreneurs possess strong negotiating skills and c onsensus-forming abilities. Interviewing an entrepreneur/intrapreneur Summary Based on my discussions and interaction with Mr. MAWAD, I have analyzed his personality traits, background, motivation factors behind his entrepreneurial skills. Entrepreneurial feelings: The need for independence and acquiring sense of achievement were the prime factors for him for his entrepreneurial feelings. His risk taking attitude also supplemented the feelings. These can be suitably demonstrated by the following events in the life of Mr. Mawad: Doing small businesses like selling ballpen refills, firecrackers in his school days for his pocket money and thereby reducing his dependence on his parents for money His habit of doing small jobs helped him fund his education when his family was going through tough times His sense of being stuck in the organization with doing only administrative and mundane tasks as part of his work life Jumping at the first opportunity of being an entrepreneur when his ex-boss asked to join him His first venture is in IT, which has been his domain for last 8 years. He is now exploring opportunities in recycling waste. This shows his calculated risk taking capabilities Entrepreneurial background and characteristics: Family Environment Santosh Rane is first born His parents were supportive when he started doing small businesses in school and college days Though his family currently discourages entrepreneurship, his wife has been very supportive of his venture Education Santosh Rane is an engineer by his educational qualifications he has also done Diploma in Management Studies to gain exposure to management principles. This has provided him a good background to understand the nuances of running a business Personal Values Personal values are quite important to Santosh. Personal values such as integrity, commitment and endurance are the values that Santosh Rane looks for in partners His sense of commitment towards his employees who have placed their trust in him can be seen by his hesitation to take up riskier ventures. Work History His initial formative years of his career were spent in Chemical Industry where he was responsible for construction of projects within the company. This was a very high responsibility job. As the years progressed, Santosh realized that after a certain point growth stagnated in the Chemical industry and even the remuneration was not attractive in the core industry. He took a risk to get into IT industry to gain a jump in his salary. As he climbed the growth the ladder, he was again stuck up with managerial tasks which were managerial in nature. This lack of challenge, boredom, and frustration motivated him to launch his own venture. Motivation/Support Systems Motivations: Sense of Independence Money Need for achievement Drive and Zeal to do something that he loved Role Models: Narayan Murthy His maternal uncle who had started a small workshop Support Systems His wife His uncle His ex-employers Avartan Technologies Clients I will be interviewing my father for both being an intrapreneur (project manager in one of the biggest companies in Lebanon) and an entrepreneur for his own business Brief Profile of the Entrepreneur Name: Mr. Jean MAWAD Age:   53 years Education: Diploma in Civil Engineering Highway, minor degree in economics 1983 Work Experience: Ahdab Co. 1983 to 1992 Antoine Makhloof EST 1992 to present Current Enterprise Masters Hotel Ehden Entrepreneurial opportunities 1990 till date JM Civil engineering consulting 2010 till date Mr. Mawad, born in the North of Lebanon, comes from a very humble family consisting of his parents and his brother. His father was a farmer with lager assets. During his school days, he helped his father selling his goods, and convinced his uncle to exportation in his father business. He eventually went on to become a Civil Engineer one of the best Universities in Lebanon (USJ). The first job he got thanks to the recommendation of his maternal uncle, at Ahdab Co. Enterprises Profile Masters Hotel Ehden Masters Hotel is a mountainous mixed resort and hotel famous for its pristine surroundings and beautiful scenery. Ehden, a very busy summer town is one of the most sought after place in Lebanon to spend summer time. This fact is witnessed by the overcrowded hospitality places, such as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs and resorts during the whole summer period. In the neighborhood of the site there is the protected area of the Forest of Ehden which is famous for its biodiversity and majestic eco-system. It has become a worldwide destination for ecotourism and a safe-haven for researchers in botanic fields. Interview Would you tell me about yourself before you started your first venture? I am civil Engineer; know I am a project manager in a construction company that mainly works in roads and highway fields. I started in a civil engineering laboratory to fastly move to be a project manager, and in parallel started my own business, it has been 20 years now. Whom else did you know while you were growing up who had started or owned a business, and how did they influence you? Anyone later, after you were 21 years old? Starting of my own was always on my mind since childhood. But while working in the civil engineering field, I came to know many service contractors, manufacturers and vendors and interaction with them made me believe that I also can start of my own. Were your parents, relatives, or close friends entrepreneurial? How so? No one. In my family, it was always in generating profits for the existent capital, but not going into new businesses. I took the chance first and I succeeded till now. My wife has supported me all through my venture. Did you have role models? Yes, my maternal Uncle, who is hardly educated, supported me and helped me to convince my parents to give me a small capital to start my ventures. What was your education/military experience? In hindsight, was it helpful? In what specific ways? Being an engineer always helps me to do analysis in scientific way, though I may not be using all the knowledge that I have learnt from my engineering days. Education helps you to build confidence to learn new things. A commerce graduate usually shies away from technical content and while engineers also do same way for accounts. In my view one should receptive to acquire knowledge in different areas. Of course Technology and Finance are the key for any business. Did you have a business or self-employment during your youth? I started my first Business when I was in 21 before I graduate from university. It was about real estate, may father gave me a land and money to build a 6 stories building, this business was pretty none existent in my area, normally people build their own houses and have to contact all suppliers, I offered a full equipped house to clients, and that went for the next 4 years. I gave back the main investment to my father. This business gave me the idea of a Hotel. In particular, did you have any sales or marketing experience? How important was it, or a lack of it, to starting your company? I dont have any experience. But I never felt need of it, as every person does marketing every moment of his life, be it in his job or business. You continuously have to sell yourself. The only difference is, in business you need to have a scientific approach. Describe how you decided to create a job by starting your venture instead of taking a job with someone else I was working for 8 years for somebody and although I was satisfied with my growth, I thought growth would halt after 4 to 5 years and instead of being the liability to engineering I thought of adding value to myself and others. How did you spot the opportunity? How did it surface? A contractor that knows me from my previous job got the first big contract in highroad and he asked me to join as Project engineer. I jumped at the opportunity. And I got I great bonus, that helped me to grow up my hotel What were your goals? What were your lifestyle needs or other personal requirements? How did you fit these together? My lifestyle needs are no different than a common mans goals and I was blessed to have achieved those lifestyle needs by then. But my personal goals are not directly related to wealth. They are creating some space of your own and create jobs for others. If your income is low, then you align yourself to that, being from lower middleclass family, this is not challenge for me. How did you evaluate the opportunity in terms of the critical elements for success? The competition? The market? Did you have specific criteria you wanted to meet? I strongly believe that there are opportunities around you all the time. The point is whether you are ready to take that. Let me explain there are available seats for IIM every year but the opportunity exists only for those who are ready. Now Lebanon is passing through a phase which every country does only once in its lifetime and I am happy to be there at this point of time. So anything and everything that comes your way can be opportunity. But, only a few see it while others see it only when somebody makes use of it. Did you find or have partners? What kind of planning did you do? What kind of financing did you have? This was easy for me, my boss of the company was mostly ready to put money in my own business. Also I had my brother as an associate in the Hotel, but we split in the last year. Did you have a startup business plan of any kind? Please tell me about it. We did not have any business plan. We just jumped at the opportunity. Currently, we are in the process of building one. How much capital did it take? How long did it take to reach a positive cash flow and break-even sales volume? If you did not have enough money at the time, what were some ways in which you bootstrapped the venture (bartering, borrowing, and the like)? Tell me about the pressures and crises during that early survival period. I have borrowed over a 100 000$. I started with land capital, from my father, and I did have personal reserves for about 18 months period and that sailed me through at the personal front, in addition to some gain from the buildings project. How did any outside advisors make a difference in your company? Outside advisors can give a different view point to founders directions. This would not only help in our current business line but also in other diversifications that we plan to build in years to come. This would also help to build network and brand in Industry. Networking is very important and I think the first customer that you get is usually through networking. We are looking for advisors for our various initiatives. Now I am expanding the Hotel Capital by 500K$ to build a new facility. What did you perceive to be the strengths and Weaknesses of your venture? Dedicated team of founders who want to work together to make a company which is built on values is our strength. The weakness that I think Ive faced is the lack of ability to take bold decisions due to financial insecurity, in addition to political instability in Lebanon When you looked for key people as partners, advisors, or managers, were there any personal attributes or attitudes you were particularly seeking because you knew they would fit with you and were important to success? How did you find them? Honesty, commitment and endurance would be the only attribute I would look for. Rest fall in place automatically. Are there any attributes among partners and advisors that you would definitely try to avoid? Suspicious partners, Lack of Values, and always create legal commitments and clear rules for partnership! In terms of the future, do you plan to maintain? To expand? As I sad we are looking forward to build a new facility, actually weve started the project but were crrutenly in a little shortage of money. In your ideal world, how many days a year would you want to work? Please explain. I would like to take a break for 15 days for family and would like to dedicate about 20 days in a year for social work; rest I would want to work. Do you plan ever to retire? Would you explain? Well, I never want to retire. Though I would not like to work, I want to dedicate my last years of life for betterment of society and social work. Till 60 years of age I would work more for me and after 60 I would change the ratio. Have your goals changed? Have you met them? I believe in short term goals. They do give a sense of achievement and inspiration to do more in life. So yes, my goals always change once I achieved one. Yeah sometimes it takes more time to achieve a goal but I do achieve them as I have to move on. What do you learn from both success and failure? Learning is always from failures as one usually tends to take success for granted. Sometimes you may get success and next time doing same way you may not and you fail. So failure always makes you learn. What do you consider your most valuable asset, the thing that enabled you to make it? My attitude, patience, and self-belief. If you had it to do over again, would you do it again, in the same way? Yes, I would always like to jump in well and learn swimming rather than thinking whether to jump and finally do all planning and not jump at all or probably find out its too late to swim. I believe its better to do imperfect things that doing nothing perfectly. Once you are in it, you would find the best way to survive and succeed. Some people say there is a lot of stress being an entrepreneur. What have you experienced? How would you say it compares with other hot seat jobs, such as the head of a big company, or a partner in a large law or accounting firm? I dont agree, one can decide where to stop when being an entrepreneur. When you work for others, they control you and so its tough. What things do you find personally rewarding and satisfying as an entrepreneur? What have been the rewards, risks, and trade-offs? I could do the things the way I wanted to do, I am contended on that front.   There is nothing called risk, its always relative to a person. Patients health risk is Doctors opportunity is another way of looking at it. Its too early to reap in any monetary rewards; we have just started it yet. But, yes the satisfaction of doing something on your own is my biggest reward so far. Who should try to be an entrepreneur? And who should not? Person who believes in himself/herself should only go for it. Relying on somebody else may result in despair, as he/she would not be ready to accept failures. You and only you would be responsible for your successes or failures. What advice would you give an aspiring entrepreneur? Could you suggest the three most important lessons you have learned? How can I learn them while minimizing the tuition? I could say â€Å"Once started dont give up. You may reach goal late than others but you will reach there for sure. Also To become a successful entrepreneur, you should be patient and calm. you should avoid hastiness and rapid success. An individual should know how to manage his time efficiently. And last but not the least; an individual should be committed to his work. He should be committed and loyal to his words and fulfills his promises made to the customers.

Perspectives On Poverty, By Jo Goodwin Parker And The...

Perspectives on Poverty The readings, â€Å"What is Poverty† by Jo Goodwin Parker and â€Å"The Poverty of Equality† by Stephen Moore and Peter Ferrara, both share the topic of poverty. They are different because each author expresses their point of view differently. Summarizing â€Å"What is Poverty†, the author goes through a serious of misfortunate events on a daily basis to acquire food, yet her gatherings are not enough. On the other hand, the author of â€Å"The Poverty of Equality† explains that it is unfair that the fortunate society has to sacrifice in order to be equal. In â€Å"What is Poverty† the author shares her personal experience regarding poverty, while in â€Å"The Poverty of Equality† the author uses somebody’s story to express his point; they also stand in two different situations. Although â€Å"What is Poverty† and â€Å"The Poverty of Equality† have similar topics, they are very different in terms of the authors’ perspectives, the situation regarding the topic, and the results. Initially, in each story the author’s perspective on the subject of the stories is highly different. The author’s perspective of â€Å"What is Poverty† illustrate to the audience what poverty is really like, and all the struggles they suffer every day. The quote, â€Å"For breakfast I give my children grits with no oleo or cornbread without eggs and oleo† demonstrates the malnutrition the children go through. The children are not able to get a full breakfast due to their state of poverty, which is a struggle they have toShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Poverty? By Jo Goodwin Parker And The Poverty Of Equality1001 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty has been a controversial issue in the United States. It has taken lives and has built obstacles for many Americans today. Poverty is a physical and mental handicap to many Americans who are not able to get past this barrier. However, some may argue poverty is just an excuse for those who decide not to put effort. Not to mentio n, two articles will share their story about the issue of poverty. â€Å"What is poverty?† By Jo Goodwin Parker and â€Å"The Poverty of Equality† by Stephen Moore and Peter Ferrara

Human Rights Influence Administrative Law - 913 Words

Human rights influence administrative law in number of different ways: First, administrators by a mere submission to the existing administrative law principles can protect and promote human rights. Government administrators are expected to set exemplary roles in the protection of human rights. By doing their job responsibly, administrators’ can influence Australia in advancing its human rights record. Non fulfilment of the administrator to adhere with administrative law principle is as good as repudiating the human rights of an individual. Section 38 of the Charter provides that it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way that is incompatible with a human right or, in making a decision, to fail to give proper consideration to a relevant human right. Public authorities are therefore subject to the obligation stipulated section 38(1) of the Charter that is to act in consistent with human rights and to give proper consideration to relevant human rights when making a decision The case in Metro West Housing v Sudi (Residential Tenancies) and Director of Housing v Sudi Justice Bell held that the Director of Housing was a public authority within the meaning of section 4(1)(a) of the Charter . Justice Bell also added that â€Å"the scope of a human right is identified in its plain state, purposefully and generously, by reference to the cardinal values which it expresses and focusing on the interests which it was meant to protect, without taking justification of potentialShow MoreRelatedProcedural Propriety Exercised By Administrative Bodies997 Words   |  4 Pages The central issue in this case had been the lack of procedural appropriateness exercised by administrative bodies, namely the Parole Board. Here, the principle of fairness was first expounded by Lord Smith in R (Smith and West) v Parole Board , and Lord Reed’s judgement in the 2013 case had been an amplification of that principle in a clearer framework: decision makers, prior to exercising their capacity to decide individual lifelines, are to apply fairness into the procedure of decision-makingRead MoreSocial And Political Order : Seat Belt Laws1102 Words   |  5 PagesPolitical Order: Seat Belt Laws Social and Political theories aim to define the relationships between government and citizen, and concerns the organization and basis of government. (Merriam-Webster, n.d). In application, the necessity to find a balance between two primary theories becomes apparent. Modern day social and political theories can largely be attributed to ideas of two individuals, Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. 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Effect Of Innovation Within The Healthcare Industry

The effect of innovations within the healthcare industry leads to many scientific and technical changes in healthcare delivery. To cope with these changes, there necessitate to prepare and train healthcare workers to improve employees knowledge and the quality of care. Limited clinical experience with new mode of mechanical ventilation, such as Airway Pressure Released Ventilation mode, make its implementation difficult in real critical world. Adequate staff training time, offsite support services, and backup from ventilator manufacturers are essential to improve employees knowledge and skills. My research topic seeks to investigate the effectiveness of scenario-based learning in training healthcare practitioners in the use of APRV. Airway Pressure Released Ventilation (APRV) was first introduced by Dr. Christine Stock and Dr. John Downs, in the late 1980s. The APRV application was originally used as a rescue therapy to manage ARDS patients who have difficulty in oxygenation.{40} The Drager Evita was the first ventilator provide APRV. Other ICU ventilator manufacturers incorporated APRV mode with different terminology. Such as, the Maquet Servoi refers to APRV as Bi-vent; the Puritan Bennett 840 uses the term Bi-level; the Cardinal AVEA uses Bi-phasic; and Hamilton G5 refers to APRV as DouPAP.{13} Airway Pressure Released Ventilation is a form of nonconventional mode of ventilation that based on open-lung principle.{13} It is a time triggered, pressure limited, andShow MoreRelatedThe Current Objective Of The Healthcare Industry Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe current objective of the healthcare industry is to provide a satisfactory level of nursing care to its patients with the goal of making people healthy (Hamblin, 2014). 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Objectives of Folio Fone with Their Developedâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Was Objectives of Folio Fone with Their Developed? Answer: Introducation Folio Fone is going to launch the tablet, and so the company follows some strategies to get a place in the competitive market where they have Samsung, Apple like competitors. The company develops porter's generic strategies to increase their brand value so that they can get the loyalty of the customers and get the attention of the customers towards their newly launched tablets. The company follows differentiation strategy is like promoting the difference that is of Great value. The company supports the strategies as they customise to analyse the dynamic needs and demands of the customers and to understand what the customers want. The company tries to keep adequate inventory for the needs of the customers. The company always follows the fact that it has the newest and advanced inventions to catch the attention of customers. The advanced technology used and the newest inventions of the company will help to introduce that are highly fashionable. In the market of high competition, the mo st fashionable products catch the attention of the customers as stated by Baker (2014). The most important differentiation strategy of such companies is to nurture customer focused and creative culture as stated by Green, et al. (2016). The company allocates funds that focus sales to the needs of the customers, and the company's main objective is not to control the expenditure. The objective of the company is to get sustained profitability and so to provide products of highest quality. The company tries to invent new fashionable products with lower price and the design products by choice of the customers. To get access to the Asian market, polio phone has to remind the buying power of the customers, and by keeping in mind the economic status of the Asian customers, the company follows price production and cost leadership strategies. To get hold to the China market, the company focuses on the adequate inventory and creativity. This focus helps the company to get a position in the competitive market as well as to catch the new markets, new services and new products but consistent strategy development is needed to reach the business goals and to maintain a smooth flow. By using this strategy, the company can take a position in the competitive market and can win the trust of the customers. If the dynamic names of the customers are satisfied by this company's?newly launched tablet, then the company will be able to fight with Samsung and Apple like renowned companies. The company also follows an overall cost-leadership strategy like reduction as well as controlling the cost of the products. If the cost is reasonable for the newly launched product, then the customers will be more attracted to the products as the tablets of Apple and Samsung like renowned companies are a bit high (Lupton, 2014). Customers, generally want the quality of the product along with the reasonable price (Hartmann, King Narayanan, 2015). Thus, Folio Fone designs their strategies by the demand of the customers. As they control the cost of the newly launch product, they advertise customers' value for their money. The company focuses on a culture based on developing efficiency. By using the cost leadership strategies, Folio Fone can meet the needs of the customers of highly fashionable products at comparatively low prices. The strategy of the company helps to manufacture efficient as well as simple products that are emphasising volume. The cost control strategy through bureaucratic structure helps the company to catch the Asian market where the economic condition is comparatively low. The company arranges some training workshops to make the employees understood about the products and price setting. The industry of mobile phone is changing regarding Technology as well as Network Technology. Folio phone responded to this demand, they introduced the digital range of cell phones in the market, and the share of the market was slightly increased. The objective of the company is to introduce products that are highly fashionable and of affordable prices. The company is also aimed to catch the growing Asian market and especially the market of China. The company's strategy of supporting and efficiency development based culture will help the company to get a place in the china's market. References: Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Journals: Green, D., Naidoo, E., Olminkhof, C., Dyson, L. E. (2016). Tablets@ university: The ownership and use of tablet devices by students.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,32(3). Hartmann, B., King, W. P., Narayanan, S. (2015). Digital manufacturing: The revolution will be virtualized.Retrieved from London, England. Lupton, D. (2014, December). Self-tracking cultures: towards a sociology of personal informatics. InProceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-human interaction conference on designing futures: The future of design(pp. 77-86). ACM.

Employee Monitoring Workplace Privacy Rights Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Explain where an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace. Please ensure that you properly reference your resources? 2.What are the pros and cons of anonymity on the Internet. In what situations should anonymity be restricted (either through technology or the law) and why? 3.In what ways does blogging challenge our current assumptions and norms concerning the intellectual property laws? 4.Should the rise of the Internet affect how we view or treat intellectual property,Why or why not? Answers: 1. One of the main issues in the management of the human capital is employee monitoring. There are various ways via which such monitoring is being conducted such as checking their computers which are specifically allotted to them, video inspection, intelligence work, snooping and wiretapping. However such activities may lead to compromising the confidentiality of the employees and weaken the professional fitness and safety. But the employers encounter the said criticism by defending that by checking the work of the employees, they ensure to put in adequate controls and ensure that their productivity is maximum. Even though the legal regime supports the employers point of view, they should also give due importance to the human aspects as well which may be destabilized because of such monitoring (Yerby, 2013). Thus the basic issue in todays work environment is the level of privacy an employee can expect at his workplace since it is very difficult to draw a line between the fact as to when does an employer or an employee is seen crossing the limits. There are some specific laws and regulations formulated for safeguarding the privacy rights of employees. For example there are laws that ensure right to privacy for employees personal data and information, medical information and the screening of their background and such historical records as well. But wherever such a regulation does not exist, there it becomes difficult to decide upon how much to intervene into the work of employees. In such a situation the employers are expected to exercise a reasonable level of privacy. Thus if there exists a situation wherein it was sensible enough for the employee to expect a certain degree of privacy to be maintained, then the court of law would consider that such a privacy right existed (Mishra, Crampt on, 1998) . Consideration of whether there was a practical anticipation of privacy calls for a balancing test. Various factors are accounted for which also includes the privacy policy penned down by the company and if the employees were made aware of non-existence of such a privacy, how and whether these policies were frequently imposed, the kind of privacy rights bestowed, the nature of employers business interest, the nature of employees privacy interest, the kind of data being involved and the level of interference by the employer(Gross, 2016). Further to this an employee ensure to comply with a reasonable level of privacy when he or she is using the email system of a company so as not to use it for sending any illegitimate messages or emails to any other employee. It has also been noticed that the federal and state laws have mentioned specially about the rights an employer possesses with regards the monitoring, safeguarding, sound tracking and accessing the employees usage of the electronic devices and such other communications systems installed in the company. But if an employer adheres to all these regulations that are mentioned in the stated regime and therefore pens down the policies which are in accordance with these laws then it would be next to impossible for the employees to ensure their performance to show a reasonable expectation of privacy while using the electronic communication systems installed within the organization (Rudner MacDonald 2014). The kind of technology being used by the employee also plays a vital role in determining the level of reasonable privacy at workplace. How the employee is communicating i.e. via text messaging, or a mobile phone or a laptop and if the technology that is being used does not provide data beyond what is available to the public, in such a scenario the employee cannot anticipate to have a reasonable level of confidentiality. Similarly, a text message is such a form of communication between the sender and the receiver which is construed to be private generally. But if the medium via which such a communication is taking place belongs to the employer, in such a situation the staff members will have to give way to the expectation for reasonable level of privacy if the employer retains the lawful right to in conducting a search of the device with which such communication took place. Further to this, if an employee is using the companys email to send personal mails to the third parties, then in such a situation the employer has all rights to check the same and the staff should not expect to have any reasonable level of privacy for the said data (Smith Burg, 2012). The employer in general course has full rights to access all the computer servers of the organization without any permission of the employee to whom the same is allocated as it is ultimately the property of the company, therefore in such a situation the employees should ensure that they have no rights to exercise any demand for privacy of data. Even if the employee deletes the emails, it is still available in the in the memory which is permanently backed up by the companys computer system. Thus on a concluding note, it is understood that an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace but with some restrictions which would safeguard the company from any harm. Although the company can take steps to check and do vigilance on the various properties used by the employee, yet the same should be done within certain limits. 2. It is a wide spread concern as whether anonymity is a boon or a curse. Those who always want to maintain privacy, promote anonymity whereas those individuals who are security conscious and the various law enforcement officials want to end the same. Thus ti is very crucial to understand the pros and cons of anonymity. The drawback to anonymity can be seen in our daily lives specifically with regards spam mails wherein the mail ids of the spammers are hidden due to which the recipients of mail are not able to complain once they receive such mails (Rigby,1995). Due to maintenance of anonymity, the users end up sending abusive mails which is impossible to complain since the identity is hidden. Anonymity on the internet may often lead to a situation of identity crisis which is not healthy in the long run. The teens or such other people who hide their identity on the internet generally lead a very insecure life. Lastly, even though it is one of the best methods to try new things but it hinders making new relations with regards those interests since there is no identity with which a person can relate to. Thus a person is known only once he is connected to the internet and once the same is off, his identity also disappears. However, anonymity on the internet has some advantages of its own as well. Many people are not very confident in revealing oneself to the outer world such as those who belong to the LGBT community. For them connecting with others is very difficult, thus anonymity is one of the recourse to the same. Further to this a person is fearless i.e. not scared of any consequences and more free in his activities. This enables them to learn and develop skills in a better manner which they would otherwise be unable to. Lastly, areas of concern about which people are scared to discuss such as abortion, terrorism, political opinions, can easily now do it online and let the world know without any fear by hiding their identity, thus safeguarding them from any such untoward consequences (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2014). After reviewing all the pros and cons of anonymity on the internet, it is understood that the same should be restricted in some situations whether via technology or legal regime. Anonymity does not restrict an author from hiding his identity since it construes freedom of speech. Similar to this the law does not restrict a person to hide his identity while casting a vote. However, there has a drastic push on the internet which forces the obscurity providers to expose the individuality of users who have been criminals in the past. Further usage of anonymity for no reason but for the sake of should be avoided because unnecessary usage of anonymous identity defeats the entire purpose. Further if the same is being used for harassing people then the same should be restricted by technology first and then by law as it is illegitimate to harass someone (Trahan, 2011). Lastly, anonymity should be restricted to such websites which are meant for kids and it is very important that their identity is revealed so that they are not allowed to post something which is harmful to the minds of the kids. 3. Intellectual property is basically protection of ones own creation of human intellect such as an artistic, literary or scientific work. It basically helps to protect the invention of a particular person thus giving the creator an opportunity to utilise his creation full fledged till a specified period of time. Its impact on the growth of the economy of a country as well as the career of the creator is indispensable in nature. Thus if such a protection is not given then the genuine creators will not be held worthy for their creation. It has a great impact on the career success of a person. IP intensive industries account for million jobs wherein the weekly wages on an average amounts to 42 percent more as compared to the other sectors whereas in the patent and the copyright based industries the wage premium is all the more greater. Thus it is well understood that the absence of Intellectual property does impact the career of the creator. I am an author and if copyright is eliminated then it would have a significant implication on my career path. I will not have any control over my work and the originality will get defeated. As soon as my work starts t get copied, I as an author will loose the creditability of the same and it will be easily accessible to all (Copyrightsworld.com., 2013). The amount of earnings which I would have been able to earn will get diluted and reduced since the work would be easily copied and sold at a cheaper rate. The existence of copyright Intellectual Property helps in my career as it protects the right to duplicate my work, protects the distribution rights, protects the right to develop new work basis the already copyrighted one and protection of the right to perform the copyrighted work in public in the form of movies and theatre plays. Therefore if the copyright is eliminated then I as an author will not be able to earn from these public plays and movies which would utilise the story I have written to earn millions. Further the availability of the product will be so easy that people will not buy from proper stores the original copy and thus would lead to a loss to the publication house as well as the authors career since the publishers would not welcome such an author. Therefore it can be rightly said that for an author, his creative work is his asset as it can have a very significant value in the future and can also be used as collateral. Lastly the career graph can shoot up for an author if the work is protected via obtaining a license as if the same interests others also then I can gain financially from its use by others and thus help in protecting the work legally as well (Business IP Centre., 2017). Therefore elimination of copyright will significantly drool down the career path of me as an author. 4. I feel that the rise of internet does affect how one treats or views the intellectual property. The right to protect ones own work from being copied by someone else is not a new concept but an age old one, but with the advent of the internet, it has become very difficult to control ones intellectual property. Amongst the four intellectual property available i.e. patents, trademarks, copyright and trade secrets, one of the main issue is securing the copyrights in this age of digitalisation while ensuring to make them available to the public at large. As per Section 106 of the Copyright Act 1976, a person is allowed full rights to make a replica of such information, to prepare plagiaristic work, to distribute copies or act upon the copyrighted information but there is only one restriction levied by law i.e. the copyrighted shield exists from the moment the work is comes into existence in its fixed form the copyright is said to be safe automatically. Thus the data mentioned in any web page is construed as fixed form of cyberspace that are regulated under the purview of copyright regulations (Johnson, Walworth, 2003). Further the internet has impacted the treatment of intellectual property as the law even argues to the fact that Publication is no longer a key to obtaining federal copyright. Due to this the link between a copyright and web page gets strangled. Such is the case of Martha Stewart vs Myself wherein Martha Stewart has displayed on her website the confidential hush puppy recipe which may not be under the federal copyright but if the same is copied from her web page and pasted exactly on mine then it is construed to be a breach of the federal copyright laws. But the main issue due to which the said impacts the mannerism of treating the rise of internet on the intellectual property is that the copyright law only guards the thought of a writer but does not provide any shield to the way via which the said thought is articulated. Lastly the integration of anonymity into the procedure of copying and sharing the data from the net has smeared the difference between sharing and stealing. Thus it can be rightly said that the due to the internet, the procedural requirements for protecting the intellectual property has also become more cumbersome. However the same has affected our way of treating the same with more importance than in the past with various laws stating the penal charges with regards infringement of the intellectual property which is very difficult in the world of digitalisation. The internet has made it very difficult for the originators to think and work upon something more innovative as due to the piracy via the internet, the vale has been seen declining (Stoll, 2009). Thus due to the rise of the internet and the lack in the full fledged policy for treating plagiarism of the write ups, the intellectual property rights are seen to be losing the interest. References: Johnson, C., Walworth,D.J., (2003), Protecting U.S. Intellectual Property Rights And The Challenges of Digital Piracy, Office of Industries Working Paper, Available at https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/wp_id_05.pdf (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Stoll,R.L., (2009), Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in a Global Economy: Current Trends and Future Challenges, Available at https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/news-updates/protecting-intellectual-property-rights-global-economy-current-trends-and (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Business IP Centre., (2017), Three reasons for copyright protection, Available at https://www.bl.uk/business-and-ip-centre/articles/three-reasons-for-copyright-protection (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Copyrightsworld.com., (2013), Why Copyright Protection is Important?, Available at https://www.copyrightsworld.com/copyright/why-copyright-protection-is-so-important/ (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Rigby,K., (1995), Anonymity on the Internet Must be protected, Available at https://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.805/student-papers/fall95-papers/rigby-anonymity.html (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, (2014), Privacy and Information Technology, Available at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/it-privacy/ (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Trahan,D., (2011), The Pros and Cons of Anonymity Online, Available at https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/148008/the-pros-and-cons-of-anonymity-online.html (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Gross,B., (2016), Should Your Employees Expect Privacy In The Workplace?, Available at https://www.allbusiness.com/should-your-employees-expect-privacy-in-the-workplace-8518785-1.html (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Mishra,J., Crampton,S., (1998), Employee Monitoring: privacy in workplace, SAM Advanced Management Journal, vol.63, no.3, Available at https://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/SAM-Advanced-Management-Journal/21160636.html (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Rudner,S., MacDonald,N., (2014), The law, surveillance and employee privacy, Available at https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/career-advice/experts/what-privacy-rights-to-do-you-have-at-work/article19079506/ (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Smith,D.V., Burg,J., (2012), What Are The Limits of Employee Privacy?, American Bar Association, vol. 29, no.6, Available at https://www.americanbar.org/publications/gp_solo/2012/november_december2012privacyandconfidentiality/what_are_limits_employee_privacy.html (Accessed 23rd April 2017) Yerby,J., (2013), Legal and ethical issues of employee monitoring, Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, vol.1, no.2, pp. 44-55

Visual Arts Analysis Essay Example For Students

Visual Arts Analysis Essay Art Gallery to view the new Senior Art Exhibit. One piece in particular stood out, impressively. The work is titled Alternate Reality, composed consisting of acrylic on canvas, and done by Becky Lewis. Here, a bicycle is depicted as one looks past the railing of a set of stairs. Found the painting very intriguing because of its incredible use of color and line. One half of the stone floor sis vibrant red, and the other half, a brilliant orange. The railing and stairs are made colored a very cool blue and are contrasted by an electrically yellow pillar in the background. On either side Of the pillar are What look like black prison cells with pale purple bars enclosing them. The bicycle sits between the bars and the railing from our perspective, and is painted a rich green. The strangeness of this combination of colors, along with the strong directional forces Of the railing, really make this an interesting painting to view. I very much enjoyed spending time thinking about the though process used by the artist in deciding what colors would be used for each item. There was piece, however. That did not enjoy as much. This was a mixed media piece by Bailey Adulterated, titled When The Going Gets Weird. It is extremely difficult to describe what this piece depicts. There appears to be a flaming television at its center, and it is surrounded by alternating vertical stripes, one consisting of dog bones and another with a wavy golden pattern, In the foreground, there are two white pyramids, one with what Id describe as an Asian cartoon face. The television, and what is being shown on the screen (a man with a gun that extends from the screen) is somewhat silhouetted into the piece with a strange pale blue, In my opinion, there are absolutely no unifying components to this piece, and it seems as if the artist had no intention of creating any cohesion whatsoever. No element on its own is impressive either. Simply found it difficult to be pulled in and interested by this piece, and wish the artist wouldve taken a simpler approach to this work. Visual Arts Experience: Alternate Reality and The Going Gets Weird By Aaron

Spanish And French Monarchial Beliefs free essay sample

# 8211 ; The Escorial And Versailles Essay, Research Paper The castle of Versailles was built by Louis XIV of France ( 1643-1715 ) , and the Escorial was built by Philip II of Spain ( 1556-1598 ) . By analyzing the aerial and frontal frontages of these two castles, it may be seen that there were many similarities and differences between the two male monarchs? perceptual experience and pattern of monarchy. Each male monarch set his ain ends for his life, and concluded as to how a sovereign ought to act. Both Louis Fourteen and Philip II had spiritual responsibilities to pay attending to, organized the distribution of power in their several lands, communicated with other states and entities through war and diplomatic negotiations, raised armed forcess, and made programs for the enlargement of their ain beliefs, ideas and patterns. Aside from these facets of the two male monarchs? beliefs and patterns of monarchy, the architecture of their castles reflected their ideals, or personal beliefs, and the reading made by the painters of the castles r eflects the attitudes of the two male monarchs toward life. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish And French Monarchial Beliefs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The function of the male monarch to the populace during the reigns of Louis XIV of France and Philip II of Spain were non predetermined, so each male monarch created for himself what he thought monarchy ought to be. Louis XIV and Philip II were both absolutists, and believed that they should be the supreme swayers of France and Spain, severally. However, Louis XIV did non desire to be a national symbol functioning no legitimate intent. He wished to command the military, economic system, foreign personal businesss, and the disposal of the land and of justness. He believed that the male monarch of France should be the best that France has to offer- being served by even the most powerful Godheads of France. Conversely, Philip II idea of himself as Catholic foremost, and male monarch of Spain 2nd. Opposite to Louis XIV, Philip II preferred to sit in the Escorial and pray, pour over records, and live more as a monastic than as Louis XIV? s construct of a male monarch. Philip II neer wante d to take much of an active portion in the disposal of his land, except for the times when he wanted to utilize some of his assorted powers. However, after he had used it for a piece ( engaging war, raising revenue enhancements, etceteras ) he would allow it put hibernating and return to his paperss. Nor did Philip II of all time wish to command most of the Spanish economic system. The parts that he did command were 1s that straight affected himself or his grosss, so critical in order to maintain his ground forces of huge proportions. In Spain, the disposal of justness was left chiefly to the Inquisition, and foreign personal businesss were dealt with in the castles of other male monarchs. The lone facet of his monarchy that Philip II wished to invariably take an active portion in was the military: his instrument for the re-Catholicism of Europe. In both France and in Spain, each sovereign set a different degree of precedence to his popularity. Louis XIV one time said, ? L? ? cheapness, c? est moi- ? the province is myself? ? 1. This is stating that Louis XIV represents the Gallic people, authorities, society, and civilization- the? Sun King? stand foring the centre and the really best of France. On the other manus, Philip II merely seemed to wish to be seen as a devout Catholic, at the service of the Holy See, and non caring much what other people thought of him. Religious responsibilities were much more apparent in the life of Philip II than Louis XIV. Philip II would remain up for darks on terminal praying for his ain redemption and the redemption of others. Inside the Escorial, there was a church and a monastery where Philip II would besides normally spend hours in every twenty-four hours. When non in his church, Philip II frequently read his Bible and other spiritual Hagiographas. The chief end of Philip II? s life was even religious- to re-Catholicize Europe. Although both sovereigns were Catholic, faith played much less of a function in day-to-day life at Versailles, where many secular personal businesss were dealt with. At Versailles, faith was non absent, but apparently ignored normally. In the fourteenth through the 16th centuries, France and Spain were both instead powerful states, but power was frequently distributed throughout the plutocratic nobilities otherwise. Louis XIV preferred to depute power to new Lords, or flush businessperson who had late received their baronial position from the male monarch. The Godheads who were non familial Lords had non yet had adequate clip to derive any existent power that could be used in rebellion against the male monarch. Philip II, nevertheless, did non diversify the bing hierarchy of power, but embraced it. Upon the edifice of the Escorial, many new Hidalgos were non created merely to fulfill the demands of a larger bureaucratism. In add-on, the Roman Catholic church even went inside the walls of the Escorial. This shows Philip II? s embracing of the bing power of the Holy See. Conversely, at the tribunal of Versailles, Louis XIV did non do the church a important portion of his chateau, hence taking most of the internal per suasion from the clergy. ( Even if there was a big spiritual influence at Versailles, by the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges ( 1438 ) , the? Galic ian? church was politically independent from the Holy See. ) Louis XIV and Philip II had some similar and some different methods for managing foreign personal businesss. Louis XIV deployed the Gallic ground forces against many different peoples, being ever at war or fixing for war in order to maintain peace at place, and war abroad. Philip II besides deployed his ground forcess against assorted people, nevertheless, he did so in order to spread out the boundaries of Catholicism. Concerning diplomatic dealingss, Louis XIV was much more involved than Philip II. Louis XIV was ever doing or interrupting one pact or another, endangering war, doing payoffs to assorted German provinces such as Bavaria, having some universe leader or an emissary thereof, and lodging his olfactory organ into the policies of any state that he could derive some control over. On the other manus, Philip II did non have many envoies or diplomats. He sent them out when demand be, in order to forestall any unnecessary wars, but neer made much of an effort at doing alliances- at least in the measures obtained by the Gallic. In some ways the two male monarchs? intent for their armed forcess were strikingly similar. Both were created to spread out the ideas and beliefs of their main commanding officer ( i.e. Louis XIV and Philip II, severally ) , and to protect the people from whence the military came. However, the intent of the two armed forcess were besides rather different. Louis XIV multiplied the figure of the Gallic men-at-arms, centralized the military and forbade anyone but the male monarch to hold a military, therefore forestalling war between Lords. This made the Gallic military a really effectual offense and defensive force. Philip II, nevertheless, merely bothered with his military because it was his key to the re-Catholicization of Europe. Thus, the Spanish military as more of a violative force than a defensive force. The enlargement of Louis XIV and Philip II? s ideas and beliefs was indispensable to the aspirations of each sovereign. Louis XIV wished to do France look great to all of Europe, and to set up an about cosmopolitan monarchy by obtaining the full Spanish heritage. On the other manus, Philip II did non wish to do much of a secular or secular advantage by re- change overing Europe to Catholicism. Therefore, both sovereigns had the demand to spread out their ain ideas and beliefs ; nevertheless, Louis XIV? s purposes were secular, and Philip II? s were spiritual. The architecture of the Escorial is slightly dissimilar to that of Versailles. The Escorial is instead closed in, compact, and prohibiting. This corresponds to the nature of Philip II, who was instead introverted. In the centre of the Escorial lies the church, which is besides the tallest edifice in the full castle. The rotunda of the church seems to indicate toward the celestial spheres, seeking to make God, which is besides similar to the attitude of Philip II. Along the walls that enclose the Escorial lie the other? less of import? edifices intended to cover with secular issues. At Versailles, one has a feeling of openness, with the expansive chateau finally funneling down to the chief chateau where Louis XIV lived, the centrepiece of Versailles. This shows the importance of secular issues at Versailles, and spiritual issues at the Escorial. The creative persons? readings of Versailles and the Escorial show some similarities and differences between Louis XIV and Philip II. In the image of the Escorial, the lone things shown are the Escorial and portion of Philip II? s ground forces. Everything shown is the male monarch? s. This symbolizes Philip II? s position as a European leader: he wasn? t much of one in anything but the military. However, the image of Versailles includes the environing country, some blue places, and, in the fringe, a church. The presence of a church in the fringe signifies merely about all of the spiritual influence at Versailles. The presence of the expansive mountains taking off into the distance demonstrates that Louis XIV was a great universe leader, where his power was non merely concentrated in France, but off beyond its boundary lines. In the image of Versailles, there is no military. This exhibits the sense of civil security felt by the Frenchmen under Louis XIV. In other words, there is no c hangeless defensive force nowadays, so Louis XIV must non necessitate one. After all, the Gallic military contained 400,000 people, there were decidedly adequate soldiers to guard the castle if need be. The presence of blue places signifies the Frenchmen? s awe of power and wealth. Or, more specifically stated, the French were non merely held in awe of the brilliant castle of Versailles, but of the wealth and power accumulated by the Gallic nobility. The two given images of Versailles and the Escorial, and general cognition of Louis XIV and Philip II, allows one to see many similarities and unsimilarities between the two male monarchs? constructs and patterns of monarchy. This has been demonstrated through assorted illustrations of the methods of managing administrative, military, foreign, economic, and spiritual personal businesss used by Louis XIV of France, and Philip II of Spain.